baby bust

如题所述

第1个回答  2022-06-18
正文

America is stagnating — demographically, that is

美国正停滞不前——在人口层面

It is the cars' fault, apparently. Because the rear seats of American automobiles are inadequately enormous. Hence, smaller families.

很显然,都是车的错。美国汽车后座的空间还不够大,因此,导致了更小的家庭规模。

According to the Census Bureau, America's population grew by just 0.12% in the year to July 2021, the smallest annual rise since the bureau began collecting such data in 1900. Politicians and commentators fret about a "baby bust".

根据(美国)人口普查局的数据,截至 2021 年 7 月的一年里,美国人口仅增长了 0.12%;这是自 1900 年人口普查局开始收集该数据以来的最低值。政客及评论家们都对“婴儿荒”感到忧心忡忡。

Among rich countries, the United States has long been an outlier, with relatively high and rising fertility, robust immigration and an expanding labour force. Trends that Europeans view without anxiety can seem alarming to Americans.

长期以来,美国在一众富裕国家中都是一个异类;其生育率相对较高且在不断攀升、移民势头强劲、劳动力规模也在扩大。正因如此,那些欧洲人不以为意的人口趋势却能让美国人惴惴不安。

The covid-19 pandemic pushed America's death rate up and birth rate down. Deaths soared from 2.8m in 2018 to 3.4m in pandemic-stricken 2020. This may be a blip. The decline in America's natural increase long predates covid.

新冠疫情导致美国死亡率上升、出生率下降。其死亡人数从 2018 年的 280 万飙升至 2020 年疫情期间的 340 万。不过,疫情可能只是个偶发因素。事实上,美国人口自然增长率下降的现象,早在新冠疫情暴发前的很久就存在了。

It has fallen steeply since 2007. This change reflects the ageing of the population and young adults' decisions to postpone having children as a result of the Great Recession of 2007-09.

2007 年以来,美国人口增长率就开始急剧下降。这一变化反映了人口的老龄化,以及 2007-09 年经济大萧条后年轻人决定推迟生育这一现象。

For a while, this did not matter much because of immigration. In 2016, however, migration fell off a cliff. Initially, the squeeze was imposed by President Donald Trump's anti-immigration policies. Recently the pandemic has sent workers scurrying home.

在一段时间内,由于移民现象的存在,这并未造成太大影响。然而,2016 年,移民数量呈断崖式下跌。最初,移民的缩减是由美国前总统唐纳德·特朗普的反移民政策造成的。而最近,则是新冠疫情,它让在外务工的移民们匆匆返回家乡。

Lastly, some of the distinctiveness of Americans' attitudes that accompanied their unusual demography is disappearing. These included more optimism and a willingness to move from place to place. Ageing and double-income households have made Americans less footloose, more reluctant to pile into their child-safe automobiles and head to new life.

最后,伴随着美国特殊人口结构的一些独特的态度正在消失,如更乐观的态度和从一个地方搬到另一个地方的意愿。如今,老龄化的双职工家庭结构让美国人没那么无拘无束了;他们也越来越不愿把自己塞进装有儿童安全座椅的车里,然后朝着新的生活驶去。

主编:Felicity、 Jack

品控:Felicity、Amber

审核:Jack

重点词汇

stagnate

/ˈstæɡ.neɪt/

v. 停滞不前,停止发展;(水、空气)不流动,停滞

文化补充:stagnate 来自词根 stagnatum,该词根是“池塘,不流动的水(pond, standing water)”的含义。

例句:The water stagnates in the ditch.((水、空气)不流动,停滞)

英文释义:to stop developing or making progress

例句:His career has stagnated.(停滞不前)

相关词汇:stagnation(n. 停滞)

搭配短语:the stagnation in the job market

搭配短语:the economic stagnation

demographically

/ˌdem.əˈɡræf.ɪkəlɪ/

adv. 在人口层面地,人口结构地

相关词汇:demographic(adj. 人口统计的,人口结构的)

相关词汇:demography(n. 人口统计学,人口学)

fret about / over

对……感到烦恼、焦虑

英文释义:to be constantly or visibly worried or anxious

例句:There is no point in fretting about / over things you can't change.

bust

/bʌst/

n.(经济)萧条,不景气

词性拓展:bust(adj. 破产的)

近义词:bankrupt

例句:The company went bust / bankrupt.

近义词组:economic depression(经济萧条)

outlier

/ˈaʊtˌlaɪ.ɚ/

n. 局外人;异常值

搭配短语:outlier data(离群数据)

近义词:outsider(n. 局外人)

fertility

/fɚˈtɪl.ə.t̬i/

n. 生育能力

搭配短语:fertility rate(生育率)

相关词汇:fertile(可生育的;土壤肥沃的;富于创新的,富于想象力的)

搭配短语:a fertile region

例句:There seems to be an endless stream of business ideas flowing from the fertile brain of him.(富于创新的,富于想象力的)

robust

/roʊˈbʌst/

adj.(系统、组织等)强劲的,稳固的;强健的,强壮的;经久耐用的

英文释义:physically strong

近义词:sturdy(adj. 结实的,坚固的)

搭配短语:a robust / sturdy chair

搭配短语:robust property market(稳固的房地产市场)

搭配短语:robust economic growth(强劲的经济增长)

alarming

/əˈlɑːr.mɪŋ/

adj. 使人惊恐的,引起恐慌的

相关词汇:alarm(v. 使惊恐,使害怕)

搭配短语:alarming news about the war in Ukraine

strike

/straɪk/

v.(疾病、灾难等的)侵袭

例句:A major earthquake struck the island.

搭配短语:earthquake-stricken areas(地震受灾区)

搭配短语:drought-stricken areas(遭受干旱的地区)

搭配短语:poverty-stricken areas(贫困地区)

blip

/blɪp/

n. 短暂性问题,变故,突变;(仪表屏幕上的)小光点,(仪器发出的)短促尖锐的声音

搭配短语:blips on a radar screen

例句:They're just a minor blip in the general scheme.

predate

/ˌpriːˈdeɪt/

v. 先于……

词根词缀:pre-(先于……)

相关词汇:preheat(v. 预热);prearrange(v. 预先准备)

相关词汇:date(n. 日期)

例句:The company's financial problems long predated the economic bust.

squeeze

/skwiːz/

n. 紧缩,削减;拮据,经济困难;挤,捏

词性拓展:squeeze(v. 挤,捏)

搭配短语:to squeeze a bit of lemon juice

搭配短语:a big squeeze on profits

例句:He felt the squeeze after losing his job.

scurry

/ˈskɝː.i/

v. 小步快跑

英文释义:to run with quick short steps

例句:People were scurrying off to work.

搭配短语:to send sb. scurrying to someplace

例句:The noise of the explosion sent everyone scurrying back to their homes.

distinctiveness

/dɪˈstɪŋk.tɪv.nəs/

n. 独特性

相关词汇:distinctive(adj. 独特的,特有的)

近义词:characteristic(adj. 特有的,独特的)

例句:He's got a distinctive voice.

footloose

/ˈfʊt.luːs/

adj. 自由自在,无拘无束的(尤指无家庭或感情束缚的)

相关词汇:foot(n. 脚)

相关词汇:loose(adj. 松的)

搭配短语:footloose and fancy-free(无忧无虑的,自由自在的)

相关词汇:fancy-free(adj.(情感上)了无牵挂的,无忧无虑的)

例句:I was footloose and fancy-free in those days.

pile into

挤进,涌进

相关词汇:pile(v. 堆放,堆积)

例句:We piled plenty of logs up next to the fire.

搭配短语:to pile out of someplace((人群)涌出、挤出某地)

例句:About fifteen kids piled into the classroom, all talking at once.