英语时态中过去完成时和现在完成时最明显的区别是什么？“been”是不可少的呀？

Question

如题所述

Answer 1

首先，been
不是必不可少的
1）
概念：表示过去的过去
----|-------|-----|---->其构成是had
+过去分词构成。
那时以前　
那时　现在　　　　　　
2）
用法
　
a.　在told,
said,
knew,
heard,
thought等动词后的宾语从句。
　　
She
said
(that)
she
had
never
been
to
Paris.
　
b.
状语从句
　　
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
　　
When
the
police
arrived,
the
thieves
had
run
away.
　
c.
表示意向的动词，如hope,
wish,
expect,
think,
intend,
mean,
suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
　　
We
had
hoped
that
you
would
come,
but
you
didn't.
3)　过去完成时的时间状语before,
by,
until
,
when,
after,
once,
as
soon
as。
　
He
said
that
he
had
learned
some
English
before.
　
By
the
time
he
was
twelve,
Edison
had
began
to
make
a
living
by
himself.
　
Tom
was
disappointed
that
most
of
the
guests
had
left
when
he
arrived
at
the
party.
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状　态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去　但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或　状态。其构成：
have
(has)
+过去分词。

Answer 2

1.现在完成时：动作过去发生，对现在有影响。过去完成时：动作的发生在过去，结束也在过去。2.不是。