八年级上册英语语法

如题所述

第1个回答  2012-11-22
邮箱给我,太多了。
1) leave的用法
1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如:
  When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的?
2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如:
   Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五,爱丽斯要去伦敦了。
3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如:
   Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京?
2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用
should作为情态动词用,常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等,有“竟会”的意思,例如:
  How should I know? 我怎么知道?
Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚?
  should有时表示应当做或发生的事,例如:
  We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。
我们在使用时要注意以下几点:
1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如:
   You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。
2.用于提出意见劝导别人。例如:
   You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果感觉不舒服,你最好去看医生。
3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如:
   We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。
   She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。
3) What...? 与 Which...?
 1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词,都可以指人或事物,但是what仅用来询问职业。如:
   What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的?
    该句相当于:
    What does your father do? What is your father's job? Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如:---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特? ---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。
2.What...? 是泛指,所指的事物没有范围的限制;而 Which...? 是特指,所指的事物有范围的限制。如:
    What color do you like best?(所有颜色)你最喜爱什么颜色?
Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? 你最喜爱哪一种颜色?(有特定的范围)
3. what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如: Which pictures are from China? 哪些图片来自中国?
4) 频度副词的位置
  1.常见的频度副词有以下这些:   
always(总是,一直)usually(通常)often(经常)sometimes(有时候)never(从不)
2.频度副词的位置:
a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如:
David is often arrives late for school.大卫上学经常迟到。
b.放在行为动词前。如We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.我们每天经常在7:10去上学。
c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾,用来表示强调。如:Sometimes I walk home, sometime I ride a bike. 有时我步行回家,有时我骑自行车。
3.never放在句首时,主语、谓语动词要倒装。如:
Never have I been there.我从没到过那儿。
5) every day 与 everyday
1. every day 作状语,译为“每一天”。如:We go to school at 7:10 every day.
    我们每天7:10去上学。
I decide to read English every day. 我决定每天读英语。
2. everyday 作定语,译为“日常的”。
She watches everyday English on TV after dinner. 她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。
 What's your everyday activity?  你的日常活动是什么?
6) 什么是助动词
1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。被协助的动词称作主要动词Main Verb)。助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用。例如:He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)
2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:
a. 表示时态,例如:
He is singing. 他在唱歌。 He has got married. 他已结婚。
b. 表示语态,例如: He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
c. 构成疑问句,例如:Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?
Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗?
d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如: I don't like him.  我不喜欢他。
e. 加强语气,例如:Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that.  他的确知道那件事。
3.最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
7) forget doing/to do与remember doing/to do
1.forget to do忘记要去做某事(未做);forget doing忘记做过某事(已做)
 The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
办公室的灯还在亮着,它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)
He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。 ( 已做过关灯的动作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.别忘了明天来。    (to come动作未做)
典型例题
   ---- The light in the office is still on.
   ---- Oh,I forgot___.          
     A. turning it off  B. turn it off  C. to turn it off  D. having turned it off
  答案:C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生,因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示灯已经关上了,而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。
2.remember to do记得去做某事(未做);
remember doing记得做过某事(已做)
   Remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb.
1.for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如:
easy, hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等:
  It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2.of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词。如:
good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
   It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了。
3.for 与of 的辨别方法:
用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of,不通则用for。如:
   You are nice. (通顺,所以应用of)。He is hard. (人是困难的,不通,因此应用for。)
9) 对两个句子的提问
新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势,现在采取的作法是对一个句子进行自由提问。例如:
  句子:The boy in blue has three pens.
  提问:1. Who has three pens? 2. Which boy has three pens?
     3. What does the boy in blue have? 4. How many pens does the boy in blue have?
  很显然,学生多了更多的回答角度,也体现了考试的灵活性。再如:
  句子:He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.
  提问:1. Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
     2. Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
     3. What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
     4. With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?
     5. What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?
     6. When does he usually go to the park with his friends?