第1个回答 2022-07-27
译者的话：
对于外文作品的翻译工作，往往难免做到绝对符合原意，其中最重要的一个原因就是因为中西文化的差距之大。译者难面会将自己的理解参入进被翻译的句子中去。
我手里的这本中文版《逻辑哲学论》是由贺绍甲先生编译，于1996年由商务印书馆出版的。不可否认的是，贺绍甲先生的翻译工作做的的确很出色。但是，通过对比英译版（1922年出版，罗素译），在个人见解上有些许出入。而这些出入，不是对与错的绝对判断，而仅仅是个人理解的倾向点不同。《逻辑哲学论》原本是德语，也是作者，维特根斯坦先生的母语。而我本人并不懂德语，所以只能捉襟见肘，勉强根据英文译本拉近自己与原著的距离。
待补充。
《逻辑哲学论》 Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
逻辑1.000
1 The world is everything that is the case.∗
1 事实是，世界就是全部。
1.1 The world is the totality of facts, not of things.
1.1 世界是事实的全部，而非事物。
1.11 The world is determined by the facts, and by these being all the
facts.
1.11 世界由事实确定，必须是全部事实。
1.12 For the totality of facts determines both what is the case, and
also all that is not the case.
1.12 事实的全部是被可感事实（绝对事实）与非可感事实（相对事实）共同决定的。
1.13 The facts in logical space are the world.
1.13 存在于逻辑空间的事实，就是世界。（非全部世界）
1.2 The world divides into facts.
1.2 世界可被展开为事实（复数）。
1.21 Any one can either be the case or not be the case, and everything
else remains the same.
1.21 无论如何判定事物（事实）是可感知，或不可感知，其他未判定的事物不受影响。
∗The decimal figures as numbers of the separate propositions indicate the logical
importance of the propositions, the emphasis laid upon them in my exposition. The
propositions n.1, n.2, n.3, etc., are comments on proposition No. n; the propositions
n.m1, n.m2, etc., are comments on the proposition No. n.m; and so on.
*标记各个命题的十进制数表示这些命题的重要性和在我的叙述中对它们的强调。命题n.1, n.2, n.3 等等是对命题n的评注；命题n.m.1, n.m.2等等是对命题n.m的评注。以此类推。
逻辑2.000
2 What is the case, the fact, is the existence of atomic facts.
2. 什么是可感知，就是事实，是根本事实的存在。
2.01 An atomic fact is a combination of objects (entities, things).
2.01 根本事实是事物的逻辑组合。（原子事实，个人翻译为根本事实，因为原子是事物的根本组成。）
2.011 It is essential to a thing that it can be a constituent part of an
atomic fact.
2.011能够成为根本事实的组成部分是事物的基本属性。
2.012 In logic nothing is accidental: if a thing can occur in an atomic fact the possibility of that atomic fact must already be prejudged
in the thing.
2.012 逻辑没有巧合：如果事物出现在根本事实之中，则根本事实早已存在与其事物之中（根本事实被其组成事物决定。
例：DNA是人体的组成部分，而人体的结构却存在于DNA之中（或被DNA决定）。
2.0121 It would, so to speak, appear as an accident, when to a thing
that could exist alone on its own account, subsequently a state of affairs could be made to fit.
If things can occur in atomic facts, this possibility must already lie in them.
(A logical entity cannot be merely possible. Logic treats of every possibility, and all possibilities are its facts.)
Just as we cannot think of spatial objects at all apart from space, or temporal objects apart from time, so we cannot think of any object apart from the possibility of its connexion with other things.
If I can think of an object in the context of an atomic fact, I cannot think of it apart from the possibility of this context.
2.0121 可以这样说，巧合（意外）的出现，也就是事物的独立存在，往往会伴随着适宜的潜在事态。
如果事物出现在根本事实当中，则出现的概率早已存在于根本事实里。
（逻辑不能够单独存在，逻辑关乎每一种可能性，而且一切可能性都是事实。）
就好比我们无法抛开空间去思考空间的事物，无法抛开流动的时间去思考瞬间的存在所以，我们无法抛开某对象外的一切联系单独思考这个对象。
我能够联系其对象的境遇对其产生思考，却无法抛开其存在的境遇的各种可能对其思考。
2.0122 The thing is independent, in so far as it can occur in all possible circumstances, but this form of independence is a form of connexion with the atomic fact, a form of dependence. (It is impossible for words to occur in two different ways, alone and in the proposition.)
2.0122 事物是独立不相关的，所以可出现在所有可能性当中，但这种不相关类型却是与绝对事实存在绝对联系。（命题不可能存在两种独立的不同形态。）
2.0123 If I know an object, then I also know all the possibilities of its occurrence in atomic facts.
(Every such possibility must lie in the nature of the object.)
A new possibility cannot subsequently be found.
2.0123 如果我知道一个对象的单一事实，那么我也知道此对象在绝对事实中所有的可能性存在。
（一切此类可能性必定源于事物本身。）
新的可能性不可能在之后被发现。
2.01231 In order to know an object, I must know not its external but all its internal qualities.
2.01231 认知一件事物，必须抛开其外在功能，只研究其本身。
2.0124 If all objects are given, then thereby are all possible atomic facts also given.
2.0124 如果一切事物被确定，那么所有可能的绝对事实也被确认。
2.013 Every thing is, as it were, in a space of possible atomic facts. I can think of this space as empty, but not of the thing without the space.
2.013所以事物，无论过往还是现在都是可能出现的绝对事实。我能够想象一个空无一物的空间，但无法想象不存在于空间的事物。
2.0131 A spatial object must lie in infinite space. (A point in space is a place for an argument.)
A speck in a visual field need not be red, but it must have a colour; it has, so to speak, a colour space round it. A tone must have a pitch, the object of the sense of touch a hardness, etc.
2.014 Objects contain the possibility of all states of affairs.
2.0141 The possibility of its occurrence in atomic facts is the form of
the object.