英语语法达人进~~~帮我分析一句话~~

Question

culture can be seen as a system of shared beliefs, values, customs, and behaviours prevalent in a society and that are transmitted from generation to generation.

请问 1prevalent是形容词~~为什么放在behaviours的后面~感觉少系动词~~应该是加个从句~~which are~~
2 and that are...that 是指什么~~为什么后面要加are~~感觉应该是those are~~~
还望高人不吝赐教~~谢谢

Answer 1

答：这个句子的结构是:
Culture can be seen as a system of shared beliefs, values, customs, and behaviours+后置定语1 and 后置定语2.
其中后置定语1是一个形容词短语，相当于省略了that are的定语从句：that are prevalent in a society
后置定语2是一个限制性的定语从句：that are transmitted from generation to generation.
试译：文化可以被看作是一个社会普遍认同并且代代相传的信念、价值观、习俗和行为准则。
析：and作为一个并列连词，并列的两个句子成分，一般应同类，这里尽管两个都是句子的定语，但前一个是形容词短语，后一个是定语从句，不太般配。本不需要这个and并列，直接用分隔式定语从句，即定语从句与先行词被另一个定语（如介词短语）隔开的定语从句，类似于：
He is the only one of the students in our class who has been to the Great Wall.
(who定语从句的先行词the only one被of the students in our class 所分隔）
不过，如果没有这个and话，又容易误会成a society 是其先行词。所以不得已加了这个and吧。

搜索网络，发现这句话摘自：
The International Business Environment - 第 159 页
Leslie Hamilton,Philip Webster- 2012 - Business & Economics
关于Cultrure的一个定义：
Culture can be seen as a system of shared beliefs, values, customs, and behaviours prevalent in a society and that are transmitted from generation to generation（Bates and Plog 1990)
说明此句并不是误写。

Answer 2

1. prevalent in a society是形容词短语作后置定语，相当于定语从句省略了 which are prevalent in a society。

 

    事实上，多数定语从句否可以省略关系代词以及无关紧要的系动词或助动词，变成非谓语的短语作后置定语。例如：

 

　　The man who teaches us English is from Canada.

　　  ——可以变成分词短语作定语：The man teaching us English is from Canada.

　　The man who is from Canada teaches us English.

　　  ——可以变成介词短语作定语：The man from Canada teaches us English.

　　I have something that I am going to tell you.

　　  ——可以变成不定式短语作定语：I have something to tell you.

　　We will visit an old man who is octogenarian and heirless.

　　  ——可以变成形容词短语作定语：We will visit an old man octogenarian and heirless.

 

2. and that are...可能是一种下面两种情况的误写：

 

…, and those are transmitted from generation to generation【并列句，把指代 beliefs, values, customs, and behaviours prevalent in a society 的 those 误写为 that】

…, which are transmitted from generation to generation【非限制性定语从句，把指代beliefs, values, customs, and behaviours prevalent in a society 的关系代词 which 误写为 and that】

behaviours prevalent in a society and that are transmitted from generation to generation.【限制性定语从句，在指代 behaviours 的关系代词 that 前误加了and】

 

　由于and 前没有逗号，最大的可能是第三种情况的误写。

Answer 3

1,prevalent in a society做behaviors的后置定语，behaviors是先行词，省略了which/that are,这是关系代词的用法，即用后置定语限定某个先行词时且形式为which/that+be动词，则这一部分可以省略，上述完整的句为culture can be seen as a system of shared beliefs, values, customs, and behaviours which/that are prevalent in a society
2，that指代之前的shared beliefs, values, customs, and behaviours，虽然指代很多项内容，但仍为that，因为语法规定的关系代词就是that，which，who,whom,as等，没有those，those可以做代词，指代上述提到的多项物品，但不做关系代词，一般使用形式是those who...。追问

谢谢~~但是对于第二个~~我有个疑问~~~您是指that are 。。。是引导的定语从句吗？如果是定语从句的话~~就不需要and啊~~

Answer 4

prevalent in a society 形容词短语作后置定语
and that are transmitted from generation to generation 定语从句 修饰先行词system

Answer 5

that 是指behaviors。同位语从句。直接加形容词是后置定语。同意楼上的

Answer 6

culture can be seen as a system of shared beliefs, values, customs, and behaviours prevalent in a society and that are transmitted from generation to generation.

请问 1prevalent是形容词~~为什么放在behaviours的后面~感觉少系动词~~应该是加个从句~~which are~~
2 and that are...that 是指什么~~为什么后面要加are~~感觉应该是those are~~~