中外文化差异在“龙”中的体现
谈到中国,人们的头脑中不免会出现巨龙腾空、祥云环
绕的意象。尽管在物理世界中,“龙”并不是一种客观存在
物,然而“龙”文化在中国人的心目中已经是根深蒂固。从皇
帝的龙袍到端午的龙舟,从华夏大地的炎黄子孙到侨居海外
的龙的传人,莫不以“龙”为神圣的象征。“龙”是中国人的图
腾,是中华民族凝聚力的标志。“龙”在汉语中蕴涵着高贵、神圣、吉祥、欢乐的意义,而西方文化中的“dragon”则另有其特殊的形态和含义。
Reflection of Differences of Chinese and Foreign Cultures in the “Dragon”
Talking about china, people may probably think of the image of a dragon flowing in the sky surrounded by the clouds. Although in the physical world, “dragon” is not an objective existence, the culture of it has been deeply rooted in the heart of Chinese people. From the saint dress of the emperor to the dragon boat in the Dragon Boat Festival, from the descendants of China to the future generations of the “dragon” overseas, “dragon” has been the sacred symbol of all of them. “Dragon” is the totem of China, the symbol of the cohesion of the people of China. In Chinese, “dragon” underlies the meaning of nobility, auspiciousness as well as happiness, while in western cultures; “dragon” has its own specific character and significance.
一、 中国龙为何物
《现代汉语词典》对“龙”的释义是:“我国古代传说中的神异动物,身体长,有鳞,有角,有脚,能走,能飞,能游泳,能兴云降雨⋯.
封建时代用龙作为帝王的象征,也把龙字用在帝王使用的东
西上。”
1. 传说中的龙
中国龙起源于原始社会的发展和繁荣时期,至今约有八千年的历史。它是古人将鱼、鳄、蛇、猪、马、牛等
动物与云雾、雷电、霓虹等自然现象模糊集合而产生的一种
神物,它变化无常,能细能巨,能短能长,既能深入水底,亦能
腾云登天。不仅如此,人们还把各种美德和优秀的品质集中到龙的身上。
2. 中国人生活中的龙
许多民族都有关于龙的神话传说,但是像中国这样,以
龙为荣为尊,而且各种事物都多少跟龙有点关系的国家却是
绝无仅有的。在中国,龙简直无所不在。龙的文化,源远流长。
First, the definition of “dragon”
The definition of “dragon” in the Modern Chinese Dictionary is “a sacred animal in the ancient Chinese legendary which have scales on the body with horns, and is able to walk, fly, swim, and call for winds and rain. It is used as the symbol of the emperor in the feudal time and carved in the objects used by the emperor.”
1, dragon in legendary
The Chinese dragon originated from the developing and prospering period of the primitive society with a history of eight thousand years. It is a sacred object created from the combination of animals such as fish, crocodile, snake, pig, horse, cow, etc. and natural phenomenon such as cloud, fog, thunder, lightening, and rainbow, etc. Dragon is constantly changing that can be thin and huge, short and long; it can dive to the bottom of the river and soar through the clouds into the sky. Moreover, various virtues and applauding characters are ingrained in the definition of dragon.
2, dragon in the Chinese daily life.
Many other peoples all have legendary about dragon. However, China is the only one that feels honored and respected by the dragon, and have everything somehow related to it. In China, dragon is omnipresent, and the culture of it dates back long time ago.
二、西方“dragon”又为何物
1.西方人心目中的 Dragon 和中国的龙相去甚远，非常丑陋。在西方文化中，龙是一种类似巨型爬行动物，身上有翅口中喷火的怪物，是邪恶和暴力的标志。长相凶狠的龙也被古代西方人用在盾牌，军旗和徽章上 ，用以起到阻吓敌人的作用。所以龙在西方也是战争的象征。龙是一种可怕的生物，会发出一种令人惊慌的气势，它亦可以使用一些魔法的效果，视乎种类。
2.“dragon”是西方文化中的一个重要现象,在西方生活中
影响极大,家喻户晓。有关“dragon”《, 圣经》中有多次描绘,
有其特殊明确的形态与含义:一种无恶不作的怪兽,“是恶的
象征”。西方人认为,dragon 是邪恶的象征,是凶残的怪物,应予
消灭。在一些描写圣徒和英雄的传说中,讲到他们和龙这种
怪物作斗争的事迹,多以怪物被杀为结局。毫无疑问,drag 用来指人也常包含贬义。
Second, the definition of dragon in western countries
1, Dragon in the western concept differs tremendously from the one in China. In western countries, dragon is a monster that looks like a giant reptile with wings on the back and can spray fire from mouth. It is a symbol of evil and violence. Dragon with vicious look was carved on the shield, national flag, and badge by ancient western people to scare away the enemies, so dragon in the west is also a sign of wars. Dragon is a horrible creature that gives out a intensive atmosphere. It can also use magic and ignore other creatures.
2, dragon is an well known and important phenomenon in the western culture that exerts great influence on their lives. In the Bible, dragon is described for many times, and mentioned as its specific form and significance: “a curial monster as the symbol of evilness.” The western people believe that dragon represents evilness and is a vicious monster that deserves eradication. In some legendaries about saints and heroes fighting against the monster “dragon”, dragons are always killed as the ending of the story. There is no doubt it underlies humiliation or distain when referring someone as a dragon.
三、中外龙文化的对比
民族文化交融。民族文化需要与世界文化接轨, 需要在更广
阔的背景下与其他民族的先进文化建立起积极的互动关系。
我们应该把中国的优秀文化推向世界, 应该将“龙”文化
等在内的丰富的中国文化介绍给世界, 让世界了解中国的龙应该让更多的丰富的中国文化融入世界大
背景, 不闭关自守, 要走向世界, 与世界文化互动, 成就
真正的文化“全球化”。惟有东西方文化的交汇、融合、互
补, 才能创造出更灿烂的人类文明
Third, comparison of dragon culture of China and foreign countries
Stimulation of cultures. A culture of a people should be convergent to the world culture and establish positive interactive relationship with developed culture of other peoples under a broader background. We should introduce the excellent Chinese culture to the whole world including the “dragon culture”. In order to let the world understand the Chinese dragon, China culture should dip itself into the broad international environment, open up to the outside world, interact with other cultures and ultimately help accomplish the real “culture globalization”. Only when the western and oriental cultures confront, mix, and compliment with each other, can a glamorous human civilization achieved.
希望能派上用场,谢谢~
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