1. last � ［误］This is the newest news.�［正］This is the latest news.�［析］“最新消息”应为latest news，因为最晚到的新闻才是最新消息，请注意英语与汉语的区别。� last, the last �［误］I saw my brother the last week.�［正］I saw my brother last week.� ［析］当谈到与目前有关的上月、上星期等概念时只能用last month, last week, 而不能加定冠词，the last可用于表示一系列词的最后一个，如：That was the last Christmas I spent at home. 但the last可以用来表示持续到现在的一个长时期，如：I am busy for the last week.� 2. late � ［误］Yesterday I went home lately.�［正］Yesterday I went home late.�［析］late既可作形容词又可作副词；而lately则意为“最近的”，如：I haven't seen her lately.� late, latter, later, lately �late有两个比较级，指时间较晚应用later，如口语中常讲：See you later.（一会见。）而latter则指按顺序讲的后者，或靠后的，其反意词为former，如：the former president（前总统）。又如：I can understand the latter part of the story. 而lately则意为“近来”、“不久前”。 3. lay � ［误］We lied on the beach.�［正］We lay on the beach.�［析］英文中有三个动词易混，在考试中也频频出现，它们的现在式、过去式、过去分词以及现在分词是： �lay ( vt. 放) laid, laid, laying�lie ( vi. 躺) lay, lain cying�lie ( vi. .说谎) lied lied lying� 4. learn � ［误］The teacher said: "You must study this poem by heart."�［正］The teacher said: "You must learn this poem by heart."�［析］study与learn在作“学习”讲时，常常可以互换，但learn侧重于学习成果或初级阶段的模仿性学习，如：The little baby is learning to walk. 而study则多侧重于学习的过程，如：I'm studying at this college. 而learn … by heart则是“记住”、“背诵”之意。� 5. leave � ［误］I'll leave Beijing to Shanghai.�［正］I'll leave Beijing for Shanghai.�［析］leave for一词组为“去某地”，如对话中常讲I'll leave for Shanghai. 因所离开的地点是双方都知道的则可以省略。� leave, forget �［误］I've forgotten my homework at home.�［正］I've forgotten my homework.�［正］I've left my homework at home.�［析］如果句中有地点状语则不要用forget, 而要用leave.� 6. lesson � ［误］I have two lessons of English.�
［正］I have two English lessons.�
［正］I have two lessons in English.�
［析］“我有两节英语课。”这一表达法如上，但美国老师讲他有两节课时则多用“I have two classes.”teach somebody a lesson 为“教训某人”，或“要吸取教训”，如：Let this thing teaches you a lesson.� 7. lend � ［误］Please borrow me your bike.�［正］Please lend me your bike.�［析］borrow是指“借入”，如：I want to borrow some books from the library. lend 是“借出”，如：I can lend you my bike. 而keep为“借多久”，如 How long can I keep it?� 8. less � ［误］He has fewer money than she has.�［正］He has less money than she has.�［析］less是little的比较级，而fewer是few的比较级。要注意前者修饰不可数名词，而后者修饰可数名词。� 9. let � ［误］The teacher lets the students clean the classroom as a punishment.�［正］The teacher makes the students clean the classroom as a punishment.�［析］虽然let, have, make有相同的用法，但make和have含有迫使某人做某事的意思。 ［误］Let's go to the park, will you?�［正］Let's go to the park, shall we?�［误］Let us go to the park, shall we?�［正］Let us go to the park, will you?�［析］Let's go的反意疑问句是shall we?而Let us go的反意疑问句则是will you?� 10. life � ［误］Many people lost their life in the Second World War.�［正］Many People lost their lives in the Second World War.�［析］ life作为“生命”、“性命”时应为可数名词；当泛指一般“生活”讲时则为不可数名词，如：Which do you prefer, town life or country life? 又如：Life is not all fun.� 11. light � ［误］There is a desk with a lit lamp on it.�［正］There is a desk with a lighted lamp on it.�［析］light有两个过去分词：lighted和lit，当用过去分词作形容词当定语时只能用lighted. light 可以用作名词，如：The moon gets its light from the sun. 也可以作形容词，如：The classroom is very light. 还可以作动词，如：The little girl lit a match. 作形容词时还有“轻”、“浅”等意，如：This box is light. I like light blue.� 12. like � ［误］My sister is very as me.�［正］My sister is very like me.�［析］ as 作为连词其后要接从句，如： She is a good student as his brother used to be. 而like是介词，其后接宾语。� ［误］Do you like swimming with me tonight?�［正］Would you like to swim with me tonight?�［析］like作为动词当“喜欢”讲时，其后面可接不定式也可接动名词，用不定式多表达一个一次性的动作，如：I'm sorry I don't like to go swimming tonight. 用动名词则表示一个习惯性的动作，如：I like swimming very much.� like, alike �作为形容词，alike一般不作定语，而只作表语，如；The twins are very alike.�
［误］Would you like swimming with us?�
［正］Would you like to swim with us?�
［析］在would you like … 这一句型中，其后面只能接不定式，而不能接动名词。like的用法还要注意以下两点：① He likes Tom. 为“他喜欢汤姆。”② He is like Tom. 为“他像汤姆。”第二句话的like为介词，而第一句话的like为动词。� 13. listen � ［误］You should hear the teahcer's advice.�［正］You should listen to the teacher's advice.�［析］hear多侧重于听到某事或某种声音，而listen to则侧重于听的倾向性。如： We listen but hear nothing. 例句为“听取某人意见”，所以只能用listen to someone's advice.� 14. little � ［误］Don't worry, there is little time.�［正］Don't worry, there is a little time.�［误］There is a little water. Shall I get some?�［正］There is little water. Shall I get some?�［析］要注意中英文在同一问题上的表达法是不同的。如中文“水不多了，我去取点吧。”英文要讲“没水了，我去取点吧。”� little, small �little与small是近义词，在作定语时常常可以互换，如：a little girl或a small girl, 但little一般不作表语，如：The car over there is small. 一句中不要用little. 作定语时little常常带有感情色彩，而small则带有对比的含义。� 15. live � ［误］Tom lives with his parents' money.�［正］Tom lives on his parents' money.�［误］He lives on teaching.�［正］He lives by teaching.�［析］“靠吃某物为生”应用live on something, 而live by是“靠某种生活手段为生”。�
living, alive �living侧重于生活得很好，身体不错，如：My grandfather is still living in his eighties. 而alive则强调没有死而是活着的，如：Is that cat alive or dead?� 只有这些
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