A.人称代词的用法
(1)人称代词依其格的区分,用法如下:
(a)主格:作主语或主语补语。
例:I speak English better now.
(我现在英语讲得比较好了。——主语)
例:It is she who sings the best in my class.
(在我的班里歌唱得最好的就是她。——主语补语)
注:①“It is I”与“It is me.”
传统文法以“It is I.”为正确,但是现代英语使用“It is me.”已很普遍,甚至于要说“It is I who…”也常改说“I am the one who…”,以避开“It is I…”。
②第三人称单数为主语时,应注意与单数动词一致。
例:He does everything very carefully.
(他做事都很小心。)
例:She was not at the party yesterday.
(昨天她没有参加宴会。)
(b)所有格:表达对人、事物等的拥有或所有。
例:This is our school.
(这是我们的学校。)
例:He always did his best to help others.
(他总是会尽他的一切去帮助别人。)
注:“所有格代词+own”可表达自身的拥有或所有。
例:This is his own house(=This house is his own.)
(这是他自己的房子。——表示非租借的意思。)
(c)宾格:作直接宾语、间接宾语、宾语补语、介词的宾语。
例:We all know him.
(我们都认识他。——直接宾语)
例:The teacher asks us questions in class.
(老师在上课中都会问我们问题。——间接宾语)
例:The new teacher took Amy for me this morning.
(今天早上新到的老师把Amy错认是我。——宾语补语)
例:I sometimes go camping with them.
(我有时候和他们去露营。——介词的宾语)
注:①主语的比较皆使用主格。
例:Mary is older that he by two years.
(玛丽年岁比他大两岁。)
请注意下列例句的不同比较
例:I love you more than he (loves you).
(我比他更爱你。)
I love you more than (I love) her.
(我爱你甚于爱她。)
②作补语用的人称代词,其格与相关的名词或代词须一致。
例:I believe (that ) it was he who wrote that letter.
(我相信写了那封信的人是他。——“it”为主语)
Do you really believe it to be him?
(你真的相信是他吗?——“it”为宾语)
③两个以上的人称代词并列时,礼貌的表达次序是:
you and I/me
you, he/she, and I/me
he/she and I/me
you and he/she
例:You and I are to blame, not she.
(不对的是你和我,不是她。)
例:Would you and Mary like to come with us?
(你和玛丽要不要和我们一道来?)
例:She didn't know whether to ring you or me.
(她不知道是否该打个电话给你或我。)
(2)We, You, They的特别用法
(a)We
(i)总称:如中文的“我们,咱们”。
例:Indeed we want freedom, but we must obey laws.
(诚然我们要自由,但是我们必须服从法律。)
(ii)本地:指自己出生或所在的地方
例:We grow rice in Taiwan.
(台湾是生产稻米的。——说话者是台湾人,说话时人可能在台湾,亦有可能不在台湾。)
例:We don't have much rain here in autumn.
(本地秋天雨量不多。)
(b)You
指包括对方的一般大众。
例:Nowadays you young people don't marry so early as we did years ago.
(当今你们年轻人不像多年前的我们那样早婚。)
例:When you are in Rome, do as the Romans do.
(入乡随俗。——格言)
(c)They
(i)指有关人士、团体或政府当局等。
例:They always say the same words when an accident happens.
(一有意外事故发生他们总是说同样的话。)
(ii)其他地方:“We”(ii)的相反
例:They grow corn in those states.
(那几州是生产玉米的。)
(iii)They = People
例:They say that there will be a new war in the Middle East.
(=People say that…)
(=It is said that…)
(大家都说中东将会发生一场新的战争。)
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