第1个回答 2008-11-28
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★persistent adj 坚持的, 固执的
you are stubborn你这个死脑筋
stubborn adj.顽固的, 固执的, 坚定的, 坚决的, 难应付的, 难处理的
persist坚持(不顾阻拦一味的坚持): persist in doing sth
★avoid v 避开
avoid doing sth : 只能加doing
★insist v 坚持做
insist坚持(认为, 说, 是人的一种态度)insist on doing sth
persevere v.坚持
persevere坚持不懈(褒义词) : persevere in
persevere v.坚持
【课文讲解】
cross : (v)穿过 / across(adv/prep)穿过 区别如pass / past , 为词性上的区别
came running向...跑过来
go shopping, go swimming, go skating(去溜冰) / coming shopping 来购物 / coming swimming
it is no use doing...做某件事情是没有用处的
it is no use crying over the spilled milk 覆水难收 (over: 关于)
enjoy doing / appreciate sth/doing(只能加doing)
like, love, enjoy, appreciate
用不定式做定语, 修饰anything, anything to do: 任何要做的事
anything to eat 可以吃的东西 / anything to drink 可以喝的东西
no matter : 无论+从句(要以特殊疑问词引导)
no matter how busy you are. / no matter how deep the hole is. / no matter how well you slept.
No matter how old you are. / no matter where you are. / no matter who you are.
No matter how tired you are, your children insisted on listening to stories.
think of a way of doing : 想一个做某事的方法 / think of a way of solving
prevent sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事, 让某人不做某事
stop sb from doing sth让某人不做某事
keep sb from doing sth让某人不做某事(保持不做某事)
forbid sb to do sth禁止某人做某事
fancy meeting you here!真想不到会在这见到你!
fancy＝imagine
escape doing, risk doing, allow doing
fance+名词－表示惊讶
不定式的复合结构, 做宾语从句
be busy doing : 忙着做某事
finish doing / complete doing
would you mind my coming with you?
Mind+v.-ing
for sb--逻辑主语
-ing的逻辑主语, 有四种形式, 分两大类
1、作为代词, 可以用人称代词的宾格, 又可以用形容词性物主代词
2、作为名词, 可以保持本身不变, 也可以变成名词所有格
my--me可以互换
would you mind my/me smoking?
would you mind me making myself at home? 你介意我把这儿当成家吗?
4、动名词复合结构 : 由名词所有格或物主代词与动名词构成
His leaving is a great loss. 他的离去是一个很大的损失
Mother dislikes my(me) working late. 妈妈不喜欢我工作很迟
Mother dislikes my sleeping late.
John's having seen her did not make her worried. 约翰已经见到她的事实, 没有让她感到担心
注 : 动名词复合结构多作主语或宾语, 作主语时必须是所有格(名词所有格, 形容词性物主代词), 但作宾语时可以用所有格, 也可用普通格(人称代词宾格)
哪些词后面可以接动词-ing: 介词,某些动词—avoid, enjoy, finish, It is no use, preveent sb from, fancy, imagine, escape, risk, allow等
3、宾语 : 下列动词须跟动名词作宾语
admit, deny, appreciate, enjoy, avoid, complete, delay, fancy, finish, mind, practice, resent, risk, suggest, allow, permit...
insist on doing, persist in doing, persevere in doing, give up doing
特注 :
以allow为例 : allow+doing sth(动名词作宾语), 但可以, allow sb to do sth
(不定式作宾语)
这类动词常见如 : advise, allow, permit, recommend, etc.
practice n—practise v / advice n –- advise v 用法一样: advise sb to do / advise doing
insist +从句(should +原形), 虚拟语气
salute问候(军人向长官的)行军礼, 敬礼
greet : 问候
lie to : 向某人撒谎
false adj.错误的, 虚伪的, 假的, 无信义的, 伪造的, 人工的, 不老实的 adv.欺诈地
lie : 谎言, 可数名词, 应为 a lie : tell a lie
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
active : 积极的 / passive : 消极的, 被动的
positive：adj.肯定的, 实际的, 积极的, 绝对的, 确实的adj.正的adj.阳的
★erupt n.v. (或山)喷发
★violently adv 猛烈地, 剧烈地
violent adj.猛烈的, 激烈的, 暴力引起的, 强暴的
violence n.猛烈, 强烈, 暴力, 暴虐, 暴行, 强暴
★manage v 设法
manage to do = try to do sth and succeed
I can manage it. / I can manage it myself.
★brilliant adj 精彩的
★liquid adj 液态的
escape death : 死里逃生
narrow escape : 九死一生 (这里的escape为n名词)
narrow n.狭窄部分, 海峡, 隘路
adj.狭窄的, 精密的, 严密的, 有限的, 气量小的, 勉强的, 眼光短浅的 vi.变窄
vt.使变狭窄, 使缩小
escape doing sth: He escape punishment/being punished.
★alive adj 活着的
alive 做定语时一定要放在被修饰词后面, 属于表语形容词, 又如: light ahead 前面的灯光
living sth / elephant alive / living elephant 表示活着的象
live(adj) : 现场的; 表 “活着的” 永远不和人连用
live v 和 adj 的读音不同
live concert 现场演唱会 / live fish 活鱼, 但不能和人连
spend some time doing sth
lifetime : 毕生精力
用不定式做目的状语: to abserve a new... 仔细观察,一般科学家用 “observe”
close to : 离......很近
for long＝for a long time
notice that + 宾语从句
notice sth
notice sb do/doing : 注意到某人做某事/正在做某事
notice that: 文中可改为—He notice a river of liquid rock coming towards him.
river of...:...形成的河流 / river of soil and stone 泥石流 / river of blood 血流成河
threaten to : 有迹象表明
the mouth of Kituro 火山口
so that : 以便于(目的状语从句),一定含有情态动词
take a risk of/at a risk of : 冒险
risk sth＝risk losing sth : 冒着失去......的危险
risk doing : 冒着做......的危险
在两相比较中, 如果前者属于后者, 那一定要在比较时用other, else排除前者
than any other man alive.
注意: spend most of his lifetime 与 spend his lifetime的区别
tell the time 报时(固定结构)
tell the difference between: 区分, 区别
tell (sb) a lie (谎言有很多个)
tell (sb) the truth (真话只有一个,故要特指, 加the)
tell (sb) the difference between
say a good word for sb : 为某人说好话
only just(固定短语)＝almost not : 差点就没有
on the subject of＝about
(朝向)towards＝in the direction of
direction n.方向, 指导, 趋势, (常用复数)指示, 用法, 说明(书), 收件人地址