1. spend 一般都是指人花费
cost 一般都是指某个东西花费了人。。。
2. of和with是十分重要的词。在这里肯定是讲不清楚的。建议你查一下牛津高阶，详细了解一下。
这里仅仅给你提供一些牛津的内容。
of
/ əv; əv strong form 强读å¼ǒ ɔv; ɑv/ prep
belonging to (sb/sth) 属於（某人[某事物]）. (a) (followed by a possess pron or by a n, usu with 's 后接物主代词或名词, 通常带's): a friend of mine 我的朋友 * an acquaintance of my wife's 我妻子认识的人 * that house of yours in the country 你在乡下的那所房子. (b) (followed by a n referring to an inanimate object 后接表示无生命物体的名词): the handle of the umbrella 伞的把 * the lid of the box 箱子的盖. (c) (after a n referring to sb's rights or duties 用於表示某人的权利或责任的名词之后): the role of the teacher 教师的职责 * the rights of man 人的权利 * the privileges of the elite 上层人物的特权 * the responsibilities of a nurse 护士的责任.
originating from (a background) or living in (a place) 出身於（某背景）; 居住於（某地）: a woman of royal descent 出身皇族的女子 * a man of humble origin 出身卑贱的男子 * the miners of Wales 威尔士的矿工 * the inhabitants of the area 该地区的居民.
created by (esp referring to sb's works as a whole) 由（某人）创作的（尤指其全部作品）: the works of Shakespeare 莎士比亚的着作 (Cf 参看 Shakespeare's comedies) * the paintings of Picasso 毕加索的画 * the poems of John Lennon 约翰?伦农的诗.
(a) concerning or depicting (sb/sth) 关於, 描绘（某人[某事物]）: stories of crime and adventure 犯罪与冒险的故事 * a photograph of my dog 我的狗的照片 * a picture of the Queen 女王的像 * a map of Ireland 爱尔兰的地图. (b) about (sb/sth) 关於（某人[某事物]）: I've never heard of such places. 我从未听说过这些地方. * He told us of his travels. 他给我们讲了他的旅行见闻.
(indicating the material used to make sth 表示制作某物的材料): a dress of silk 丝的连衣裙 * shirts made of cotton 棉布制的衬衫 * a house (built) of stone 石（筑的）房子. Cf 参看 from 8.
(used to show a special grammatical relationship 用以表示某种语法关系) (a) (introducing the object of the action expressed by the preceding n 引入前一名词所示行为的客体): a lover of (ie sb who loves) classical music 爱好古典音乐的人 * fear of the dark 怕黑 * any hope of being elected 当选的希望 * the forging of a banknote 伪造钞票. (b) (introducingthe subject of the action expressed by the preceding n 引入前一名词所示行为的主体): the support of the voters, ie the voters supporting sb 选民的支持 * the feelings of a rape victim towards her attacker 遭强奸的受害人对暴徒的愤怒 * the love of a mother for her child 母亲对其孩子的爱 * the beliefs of religious groups 宗教团体的信仰.
(a) (indicating what is measured, counted or contained 表示数量或内容): a pint of milk 一品脱奶 * 2 kilos of potatoes 2公斤土豆 * a sheet of paper 一张纸 * a loaf of bread 一个面包 * a box of matches 一盒火柴 * a bottle of lemonade 一瓶汽水 * a bag of groceries 一袋食品杂货. (b) (showing the relationship between part and the whole of sth 表示某物的部分和整体的关系): a member of the football team 足球队一队员 * for six months of the year 全年的六个月. (c) (used after some, many, a few, etc and between a numeral or superlative adj and a pron or det 用於some、 many、 a few等之后以及数词或最高级形容词与代词或限定词之间): some of his friends 他的一些朋友 * a few of my records 我的几张唱片 * not much of the food 不多的食物 * six of them 他们中的六个人 * five of the team 球队中的五个人 * the last of the girls 这些姑娘中的最后一人 * the most expensive of the presents 那些礼物中的最贵重者 * the richest of all her friends 她的朋友中最有钱的.
(a) (used in expressions showing distance in space or time 用於表示时空距离的词组中): a village 5 miles north of Leeds 利兹以北5英里的一个村庄 * within 100 yards of the station 该站100码以内 * Within a year of their divorce he had remarried. 他离婚不到一年就又结婚了. * (US) a quarter of eleven, ie 10.45 am or pm 差一刻十一点. (b) (used in dates 用於日期): the twenty-second of July 七月二十二日 * the first of May 五月一日.
so that sb no longer has or suffers from (sth) 因而某人不再有（某事物）: rob sb of sth 抢某人的某物 * deprived of his mother's protection 被剥夺了母亲对他的保护 * relieved of responsibility 解除了责任 * cure sb of drug-addiction 医好某人的毒瘾.
(indicating a cause 表示原因): die of pneumonia 死於肺炎 * ashamed of one's behaviour 对自己的行为感到羞耻 * proud of being captain 因当队长而骄傲.
(introducing a phrase in apposition 引入同位语): the city of Dublin 都柏林市 * the issue of housing 住房问题 * on the subject of education 论教育 * at the age of 16 在16岁那年.
(introducing a phrase that describes a preceding n 引入名词的后置修饰语): a coat of many colours 一件彩色大衣 (Cf 参看 a multi-coloured coat) * a girl of ten 10岁的女孩儿 (Cf 参看 a ten-year-old girl) * a woman of genius 有天才的女子 * a child of strange appearance 外貌奇特的孩子 * an item of value 一件值钱的物品 * products of foreign origin 外国的产品.
(used between ns, the first describing the second 用於两名词之间, 前者修饰后者): He's got the devil of a temper. 他脾气极坏. * Where's that fool of a receptionist? 那个笨蛋接待员在什麽地方? * He's a fine figure of a man. 他是个体型好看的男子.
in relation to (sth); concerning (sth) 涉及, 有关（某事物）: the result of the debate 辩论的结果 * the time of departure 起程的时刻 * the topic of conversation 谈话的题目 * a dictionary of English 英语词典 * the Professor of Mathematics 数学教授 * his chance of winning 他赢的机会 * sure of one's facts 确信自己的论据.
chosen from (others of a kind); contrasted with 从（同类中）择出; 与...成对照: I'm surprised that you of all people think that. 我奇怪, 在所有人当中只有你想着那件事. * A flat tyre today of all days what bad luck! 偏偏今天车胎瘪了--真倒霉!
(used to show who is being described by It is/was + adj 用在it is/was +形容词的句型里, 表示描述的对象): It was kind of you to offer. 谢谢你的好意. * It's wrong of your boss to suggest it. 你们老板那样提是不对的.
(dated 旧) frequently happening at (a specified time) 经常在（某时刻）发生: They used to visit me of a Sunday, ie on Sundays. 从前他们每星期日都来看我. * Often, of an evening (ie in the evening), we'd hear the sirens. 我们常常在傍晚听到警报声.
with
with
/ wɪð, wɪθ; wɪð, wɪθ/ prep
(a) in the company or presence of (sb/sth) 和（某人[某事物]）在一起: live with one's parents 与父母住在一起 * go on holiday with a friend 和朋友一起去度假 * spend time with the children 跟孩子在一起度时光 * discuss the plans with an expert 同专家研究计画 * I've got a client with me at the moment. 我现在有个委托人. * Put the dolls away with your other toys. 把这些玩具娃娃和你的其他玩具放在一起. * If you mix blue with yellow you get green. 把蓝色和黄色混合在一起就成了绿色. * Can I wear this tie with my blue shirt? 我穿蓝衬衫能系这条领带吗? * The money is on the table with the shopping-list. 钱在桌子上跟购物单在一起呢. (b) in the care, charge or possession of (sb) 由（某人）照看、 管理或持有: I leave the baby with my mother every day. 我每天都把婴儿交给我母亲照料. * I left a message for you with your secretary. 我给你留了个信儿交给你秘书了. * The keys are with reception. 钥匙都在接待处呢.
having or carrying (sth) 有或带着（某物）: a girl with (ie who has) red hair 红头发的女孩儿 * the man with the scar 带伤疤的男子 * a person with a knowledge of European markets 熟悉欧洲市场的人 * a coat with a belt 有腰带的大衣 * a house with a swimming-pool 带游泳池的房子 * the man with a wooden leg 有一条木腿的男子 * the boy with a camera 带着照相机的男孩儿 * He looked at her with a hurt expression. 他带着受伤害的神情看着她.
(a) (indicating the tool or instrument used 用以表示使用的工具或器具): cut it with a knife 用刀把它切开 * You can see it with a microscope.用显微镜就能看见. * He hit it with a hammer. 他用锤子砸. * feed the baby with a spoon 用勺喂小孩儿 * sew with cotton thread 用棉线缝 * hold the door open with a stone 用石头顶着门让它开着 * I can only move it with your help. 只有靠你帮忙我才能移动它. * It was easy to translate with a dictionary. 借助词典进行翻译就很容易. (b) (indicating the material or item used 用以表示使用的材料或物件): fill the bowl with water 把这个盆装满水 * sprinkle the dish with salt 在这盘菜上撒点盐 * The lorry was loaded with timber. 这辆卡车上装的是木材. * The bag was stuffed with dirty clothes. 这个袋子里塞满了脏衣服.
(a) agreeing with or supporting (sb/sth) 与（某人[某事物]）一致; 支持（某人[某事物]）: We've got all the nurses with us in our fight to stop closures. 我们竭力反对停业, 获得全体护士的支持. * She's going along with management on this issue. 她在这个问题上同意资方的意见. * I'm with you all the way! 我始终和你的意见一致! (b) in opposition to (sth); against (sth) 与（某事物）对立; 反对（某事物）: fight, argue, quarrel, etc with sb 与某人打斗、 争论、 吵架等 * I had a row with Jane. 我跟简吵了一架. * in competition with our rivals 同我们的对手竞争 * play tennis with sb 同某人打网球 * at war with a neighbouring country 同邻国交战.
because of (sth); on account of (sth) 因为或由於（某事物）: blush with embarrassment 因难为情而脸红 * tremble with fear 吓得发抖 * shaking with laughter 笑得浑身直颤 * Her fingers were numb with cold. 她手指冻木了.
(indicating the manner, circumstances or condition in which sth is done or takes place 用以表示方式、 情况、 环境或条件): I'll do it with pleasure. 我很高兴做这件事. * I can lift 50 kilos with an effort. 我用力能举起50公斤的重量. * She performed a somersault with ease, ie easily. 她一下子就翻了一个跟头. * He acted with discretion, ie discreetly. 他做得很谨慎. * She sleeps with the light on. 她爱开着灯睡觉. * He welcomed her with open arms. 他热情地欢迎她. * Don't stand with your hands in your pockets. 站着的时候不要把手插在口袋里. * With your permission, sir, I'd like to speak. 先生, 若您允许, 我想发言.
in the same direction as (sth) 与（某物）方向一致: sail with the wind 顺风驶船 * swim with the tide 顺着潮流游泳 * drift with the current 顺水飘浮 * The shadow moves with the sun. 这个影子跟着太阳移动.
because of and at the same rate as (sth) 随着（某事物）: The shadows lengthened with the approach of sunset. 随着太阳下落, 影子也逐渐伸长. * Skill comes with experience. 经验越多, 技巧越熟练. * Good wine will improve with age. 佳酿越陈越醇.
in regard to, towards or concerning(sb/sth) 对於或关於（某人[某事物]）: careful with the glasses 当心这些玻璃杯 * patient with your aunt 对你姑姑耐心些 * angry with my children 生我孩子的气 * pleased with the result 对结果满意 * inconsistent with an earlier statement 与前述不一致 * a problem with accommodation 关於住宿的问题 * What can he want with me? 他能要我做什麽呢? * What can one do with half a chess set? 只有半副棋有什麽办法呢?
in the case of (sb/sth); as regards (sb/sth) 对（某人[某事物]）来说; 至於（某人[某事物]）: With Italians it's pronunciation that's the problem. 对意大利人来说, 发音是个问题. * It's a very busy time with us at the moment. 我们现在非常忙.
and also (sth); including (sth) 连...带...; 包括（某事物）: The meal with wine came to 12 each. 那顿饭连酒每人12英镑. * With preparation and marking a teacher works 12 hours a day. 一个教师连备课带改作业每天工作12小时. * The week cost us over 500 but that was with skiing lessons. 那个星期我们花了500多英镑, 但其中包括滑雪课的学费.
(as) an employee or client of (an organization) （作为）（一组织）的雇员或委托人: I hear he's with ICI now. 我听说他现在在帝国化学工业公司工作. * She acted with a repertory company for three years. 她在一个轮演剧目剧团里演出三年. * We're with the same bank. 我们是同一个银行的客户.
(indicating separation from sth/sb 用以表示与某事物[某人]分离): I could never part with this ring. 我永远戴着这个戒指. * Can we dispense with the formalities? 咱们能免去这些礼节吗?
considering (one fact in relation to another) 考虑到（一事与另一事的关系）: With only two days to go we can't afford to relax. 只有两天时间了, 我们可不能松懈. * With no hope of a holiday life's very depressing. 度假无望, 日子自然过得很沉闷. * She won't be able to help us, with all her family commitments. 她帮不了我们, 她家里的事还多着呢.
in spite of (sth); despite 尽管; 虽然: With all her faults he still liked her. 尽管她有那麽多缺点, 可他还是喜欢她.
(idm 习语) be with sb (infml 口) be able to follow what sb is saying 能明白某人说的话: I'm afraid I'm not quite with you. 很抱歉, 我不太懂您的意思. `with it (dated sl 旧, 俚) (a) knowledgeable about current fashions and ideas; alert 了解时代潮流和意识; 敏感的: Come on get with it! 好啦--时髦点儿吧! * He's not very with it today. 他今天有点迟钝. (b) (of clothes and their wearers) fashionable （指衣物和穿着者）时髦的: She's more with it now than she was 20 years ago. 她比20年前时髦了. with `that immediately after that 紧接着; 随即: He muttered a few words of apology and with that he left. 他支支吾吾地道个歉就马上走了.
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