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ï¼1.ï¼å®ä¹ï¼ç°å¨å®ææ¶ç¨æ¥è¡¨ç¤ºç°å¨ä¹åå·²åçè¿æå®æçå¨ä½æç¶æ,ä½å
¶ç»æå´åç°å¨æèç³»,ä¹å°±æ¯è¯´,å¨ä½æç¶æåçå¨è¿å»ä½å®çå½±åç°å¨è¿åå¨.
I have lost my wallet.(å«ä¹æ¯:ç°å¨æ没æé±è±äº.)
Jane has laid the table.(å«ä¹æ¯:ç®å·²å¨åé¥.)
Michael has been ill.(å«ä¹æ¯:ç°å¨ä»ç¶å¾èå¼±)
He has returned from abroad. (å«ä¹æ¯:ç°å¨å·²å¨æ¤å°)
ï¼2.ï¼å®ä¹2ï¼ ç°å¨å®ææ¶å¯ä»¥ç¨æ¥è¡¨ç¤ºåçå¨è¿å»æä¸æ¶å»ç,æç»å°ç°å¨çæ
åµ,常ä¸for,sinceè¿ç¨.
Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
注æï¼ 1.ç°å¨å®ææ¶ä¸è½åç¬ä¸åç¡®æ¶é´è¿ç¨ï¼å¦yesterday(morningãafternoon),last(morningãafternoon)çï¼é¤éä¸for,sinceè¿ç¨.
2.ç°å¨å®ææ¶å¾å¾å表示ä¸ç¡®å®çè¿å»æ¶é´ç¶è¯è¿ç¨,å¦already, yet, just, before, recently,still, latelyç:
He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet
3. ç°å¨å®ææ¶å¸¸å¸¸ä¸è¡¨ç¤ºé¢åº¦çæ¶é´ç¶è¯è¿ç¨,å¦often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasionç:
Have you ever been to Beijing
I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.
George has met that gentleman on several occasions.
4. ç°å¨å®ææ¶è¿å¾å¾å¯ä»¥åå
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çæ¶é´ç¶è¯è¿ç¨,å¦now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so farç:
Peter has written six papers so far.
Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.
There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.
The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.
Up to the present everything has been successful.
5. ç°å¨å®ææ¶è¡¨ç¤ºç°å¨ä¹åä¸å·²å®æçå¨ä½,è½ç¶å
¶æææå½±åä»ç¶åå¨ä½å·²ä¸å继ç»,ä½æ¯æä¸äºç°å¨å®ææ¶çå¥å,å¨åé¢å ä¸for+ä¸æ®µæ¶é´,åç°å¨å®ææ¶çå¨ä½å°±è¡¨ç¤ºå»¶ç»æ§.
Thomas has studied Russian. (ç°å¨ä¸åå¦ä¿è¯)
Thomas has studied Russian for three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.(å第2ç¹ç¨æ³ç¬¬ä¸ä¸ªä¾å¥)
6. ç°å¨å®ææ¶è¿å¯ä»¥ç¨æ¥è¡¨ç¤ºè¿å»çä¸ä¸ªæ¶é´å°ç°å¨è¿æ®µæ¶é´å
éå¤åççå¨ä½.
We have had four texts this semester.
===================
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çæ¶é´ç¶è¯(å¦ï¼this morning ï¼ month ï¼year...ï¼todayç)è¿ç¨ã
ä¾å¦ï¼ Have you found your pen yetï¼ä½ å·²æ¾å°ä½ çé¢ç¬äºåï¼
2.ç°å¨å®ææ¶ç"æªå®æç¨æ³"
ç°å¨å®ææ¶ç"æªå®æç¨æ³"æçæ¯å¨ä½å¼å§äºè¿å»æä¸æ¶å»ï¼ä¸ç´å»¶ç»å°ç°å¨ï¼æå¯è½è¿è¦ç»§ç»ä¸å»ã
ä¾å¦ï¼He has lived here since 1978.èªä»1978年以æ¥ï¼ä»ä¸ç´ä½å¨è¿å¿ã(å¨ä½èµ·å§äº1978å¹´ï¼ä¸ç´ä½å°ç°å¨ï¼å¯è½è¿è¦ç»§ç»ä½ä¸å»ã)
I have been in the army for more than 5 years.æå¨é¨éå·²ç»åäºäºå¹´å¤äºã(å¨ä½å¼å§äº5å¹´åï¼ä¸ç´å»¶ç»è³ä»ï¼æå¯è½è¿è¦ç»§ç»ä¸å»ã)
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ä¾å¦ï¼I have heard nothing from him up to now.å°ç®å为æ¢æ没æä»çä»»ä½æ¶æ¯ã
注æï¼(1)ç°å¨å®ææ¶çæªå®æç¨æ³åªéç¨äºå»¶ç»æ§å¨è¯ï¼ä¸å¯ç¨äºç»æ¢æ§å¨è¯ï¼å³ç¬é´å®ææ延ç»æ¶é´å¾ççå¨è¯ãå¦ï¼comeï¼goï¼arriveï¼leaveï¼joinï¼becomeï¼dieçã
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He has stayed here since 3 hours ago.ä»ä¸ä¸ªå°æ¶å就已ç»çå¨è¿å¿äºã
He has stayed here since 3 o'clock. ä»ä»ä¸ç¹éä¸ç´çå¨è¿å¿ã
He has talled English since he came here .ä»å°è¿ä»¥åå°±æè±è¯ã
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I have finished my homework.
2.ç°å¨å®ææ¶ç被å¨è¯æ.
åæ¥å¨è¯çè¿å»åè¯.
å¦:The building has been built for 5 years.
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â A:Have you seen the film ?
B:Did you see the film ?
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â¡ A:How has he done it ?
B:How did he do it ?
åæï¼ä»æ¯æä¹åçè¿ä»¶äºï¼ï¼ A ï¼å¥å¼ºè°çæ¯ä»åç件äºçæ¹å¼å¯¹ç°å¨äº§çäºæç§å½±åï¼ï¼ B ï¼å¥å纯ç询é®åè¿ä»¶äºçæ¹å¼ã
⢠A:He has lived in Beijing for 8 years .
B:He lived in Beijing for 8 years .
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ï¼2ï¼ç°å¨å®ææ¶å¼ºè°è¿å»åççå¨ä½å¯¹ç°å¨çå½±ååç»æï¼èä¸è¬è¿å»æ¶ä¸ç°å¨æ²¡æèç³»ï¼åªæ¯è¯´ææ个å¨ä½åççæ¶é´æ¯å¨è¿å»ã
æ¯ï¼I have washed the car. ææ´è¿äºè½¦ãï¼çä¸å»å¾æ¼äº®ï¼
I washed the car a moment ago. æåææ´è¿è½¦äºã
She has watered the flowers. 她已ç»æµäºè±ãï¼ä¸éè¦åæµäºï¼
She watered the flowers yesterday. 她æ¨å¤©æµçè±ã
I have written the letter but I haven't posted it yet. ä¿¡æå·²ç»å好äºï¼ä½è¿æ²¡æå¯åºã
I wrote the letter last week and I posted it three days ago. æä¸å¨åçé£å°ä¿¡ï¼3天åå¯åºçã
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æ¯ï¼It has rained for five hours. é¨å·²ç»ä¸äº5个å°æ¶äºã
It rained for live hours yesterday. æ¨å¤©ä¸äº5个å°æ¶çé¨ã
He has waited for her for two hours. ä»ç她已ç»ä¸¤ä¸ªå°æ¶äºã
He waited for her two hours and then went home. ä»ç她çäºä¸¤ä¸ªå°æ¶ï¼ç¶åå°±å家äºã
I have reviewed two lessons this morning. ä»å¤©ä¸åæå·²ç»å¤ä¹ äºä¸¤è¯¾ãï¼è¯´è¯æ¶è¿å¨ä¸åï¼
I reviewed two lessons this morning. ä»å¤©ä¸åæå¤ä¹ äºä¸¤è¯¾ãï¼è¯´è¯æ¶å·²æ¯ä¸åææä¸ï¼
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am (æ¯) âwas--been isï¼æ¯ï¼--was---been areï¼æ¯ï¼--were ---been
beginï¼å¼å§ï¼--began--begun bringï¼æ¿æ¥ï¼--brought--brought comeï¼æ¥ï¼--came--come
catchï¼æä½ï¼--caughtâcaught cutï¼ç ï¼å²ï¼--cut--cut digï¼æï¼æï¼--dug--dug
doï¼åï¼å¹²ï¼--did--done drawï¼ç»ç»,æï¼--drew--drawn drinkï¼åï¼--drank--drunk
driveï¼é©¾é©¶ï¼--drove--driven eatï¼åï¼--ate--eaten fallï¼è·åï¼è½ä¸ï¼--fell--fallen
feelï¼æè§ï¼--felt--felt flyï¼é£ï¼--flew--flown getï¼è·å¾ï¼--got--gotten
giveï¼ç»ï¼---gave--given goï¼å»ï¼--went--gone growï¼çé¿ï¼--grew--grown have
(has)ï¼æï¼--had--had hurtï¼ä¼¤å®³ï¼--hurt--hurt keepï¼ä¿æï¼--kept--kept
knowï¼ç¥éï¼è®¤è¯ï¼--knew--known learnï¼å¦ä¹ ï¼--learnt--learnt leave ï¼ç¦»å¼ï¼--left--left
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mayï¼å¯ä»¥ï¼--might--might readï¼è¯»ï¼--read--read ride ï¼éªï¼--rode--ridden ring
ï¼é¸£éï¼--rang--rung run ï¼è·ï¼--ran--run say ï¼è¯´ï¼--said--said see ï¼çè§ï¼--saw--seen
sell ï¼åï¼--sold--sold sendï¼éï¼--sent--sent set ï¼æ¾ï¼--set--set
singï¼å±æï¼--sang--sung sleep ï¼ç¡è§ï¼--slept--slept smellï¼é»ï¼--smelt--smelt
speakï¼è¯´è¯ï¼--spoke --spoken spend ï¼è±è´¹ï¼--spent--spent stand
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throwï¼ææ·ï¼--threw--thrown understandï¼æå¾ï¼--understood--understood
wakeï¼å¤éï¼--woke--woken wearï¼ç©¿ï¼--wore--worn winï¼è·èï¼--won --won writeï¼åï¼
--wrote--written
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