代è¯çç¨æ³
1ï¼äººç§°ä»£è¯çç¨æ³
1ï¼äººç§°ä»£è¯çä¸»æ ¼å¨å¥åä¸ä½ä¸»è¯æ主è¯è¡¥è¯ãä¾å¦ï¼
John waited a while but eventually he went home. 约翰çäºä¸ä¼å¿ï¼æåä»å家äºã
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.
约翰å¸æé£ä½ä¹å®¢æ¯ç丽ï¼è¿çæ¯å¥¹ã
说æï¼å¨å¤åå¥ä¸ï¼å¦æ主å¥åä»å¥ä¸»è¯ç¸åï¼ä»£è¯ä¸»è¯è¦ç¨å¨ä»å¥ä¸ï¼åè¯ä¸»è¯ç¨å¨ä¸»å¥ä¸ãä¾å¦ï¼
When he arrived, John went straight to the bank. 约翰ä¸å°å°±ç´æ¥å»é¶è¡äºã
2ï¼äººç§°ä»£è¯çå®¾æ ¼å¨å¥åä¸ä½å®¾è¯æä»è¯å®¾è¯ï¼ä½å¨å£è¯ä¸ä¹è½ä½ä¸»è¯è¡¥è¯ï¼ç¬¬ä¸äººç§°å¨çç¥å¥ä¸ï¼è¿å¯ä»¥ä½ä¸»è¯ãä¾å¦ï¼
I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her. æçå°å¥¹åä»ä»¬å¨ä¸èµ·ï¼è³å°æ认为æ¯å¥¹ãï¼herå宾è¯ï¼themåä»è¯å®¾è¯ï¼herå主è¯è¡¥è¯ï¼
a. -- Who broke the vase? --è°æç¢äºè±ç¶ï¼
b. -- Me. --æãï¼meå主è¯è¡¥è¯= It's me.ï¼
说æï¼å¨ä¸é¢ä¸¤ä¾å¥ä¸ï¼heråmeåå«ä½ä¸»è¯è¡¥è¯ãç°ä»£è±è¯ä¸å¤ç¨å®¾æ ¼ï¼å¨æ£å¼æä½ä¸è¿éåºä¸ºsheåIã
2 人称代è¯ä¹ä¸»ãå®¾æ ¼çæ¿æ¢
1ï¼ å®¾æ ¼ä»£æ¿ä¸»æ ¼
a.å¨ç®ç对è¯ä¸ï¼å½äººç§°ä»£è¯åç¬ä½¿ç¨æå¨not åï¼å¤ç¨å®¾è¯ã
---- I like English. --æå欢è±è¯ã
---- Me too. --æä¹å欢ã
--- Have more wine? --åæ¥ç¹é
åå?
---- Not me. --æå¯ä¸è¦äºã
b.å¨è¡¨ç¤ºæ¯è¾çéæ£å¼çæä½ä¸ï¼å¸¸ç¨å®¾æ ¼ä»£æ¿ä¸»æ ¼ã ä½å¦ææ¯è¾ç¶è¯çè°è¯ä¿çï¼å主è¯åªè½ç¨ä¸»æ ¼ã
He is taller than I/me.
He is taller than I am.
2ï¼ ä¸»æ ¼ä»£æ¿å®¾æ ¼
a. å¨çµè¯ç¨è¯ä¸å¸¸ç¨ä¸»æ ¼ã
---- I wish to speak to Mary. --ææ³åç丽éè¯ã
---- This is she. --æå°±æ¯ç丽ã
b. å¨å¨è¯be æto be åç人称代è¯è§å
¶åé¢çåè¯æ代è¯èå®ã
I thought it was she. æ以为æ¯å¥¹ã ï¼ä¸»æ ¼----ä¸»æ ¼ï¼
I thought it to be her. æ以为ä¼æ¯å¥¹ã ï¼å®¾æ ¼----å®¾æ ¼ï¼
I was taken to be she. æ被å½æäºå¥¹ã ï¼ä¸»æ ¼----ä¸»æ ¼ï¼
They took me to be her. ä»ä»¬ææå½æäºå¥¹ã ï¼å®¾æ ¼----å®¾æ ¼ï¼
3 代è¯çæ代é®é¢
1ï¼ä¸å®ä»£è¯ anybodyï¼everybodyï¼nobodyï¼anyoneï¼ someoneï¼ everyoneï¼no oneï¼ åwhoeveråpersonå¨æ£å¼åºå使ç¨æ¶ï¼å¯ç¨he, his, him代æ¿ãä¾å¦ï¼
Nobody came, did he? è°ä¹æ²¡æ¥ï¼æ¯å?
2ï¼å¨ç©åè¯çæ代ä¸è¬ç¨itæthey代æ¿ï¼ææ¶ä¹ç¨he, sheï¼å¸¦æ亲åçææ
è²å½©ãä¾å¦ï¼
Give the cat some food. She is hungry. ç»è¿ç«ä¸äºåçã她饿äºã
3ï¼æ代车æå½å®¶ï¼è¹è¶çåè¯ï¼å«ææ
è²å½©æ¶å¸¸ç¨sheã
4 并å人称代è¯çæå顺åº
åæ°äººç§°ä»£è¯å¹¶åä½ä¸»è¯æ¶ï¼å
¶é¡ºåºä¸ºï¼ç¬¬äºäººç§°ï¼> 第ä¸äººç§° ï¼> 第ä¸äººç§°ï¼å³youï¼> he/she; it -> Iãä¾å¦ï¼
You, he and I should return on time.
注æï¼ å¨ä¸åæ
åµä¸ï¼ç¬¬ä¸äººç§°æ¾å¨åé¢ã
a. å¨æ¿è®¤é误ï¼æ¿æ
责任æ¶ï¼
It was I and John that made her angry. æ¯æå约翰æ¹å¥¹çæ°äºã
b. å¨é¿è¾å¯¹æè¾ï¼é¿å®å¯¹ä¸å±è¯´è¯æ¶ï¼å¦é¿å®ä¸ºç¬¬ä¸äººç§°ï¼å¦ï¼
I and you try to finish it. æåä½ å»å¼å¥½å®ã
c. 并å主è¯åªæ第ä¸äººç§°å第ä¸äººç§°æ¶ã
d. å½å
¶ä»äººç§°ä»£è¯æåè¯è¢«å®è¯ä»å¥ä¿®é¥°æ¶ã
5 ç©ä¸»ä»£è¯
1ï¼ç©ä¸»ä»£è¯æ¢æ表示æå±çä½ç¨åææ代ä½ç¨ãä¾å¦ï¼
John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.
约翰å²ç ´äºææï¼æ¾èæè§ï¼ä»æ¡åä¸æä¸ªç ´ç»çæ¯ã
ç©ä¸»ä»£è¯æ形容è¯æ§ï¼my, yourçï¼ååè¯æ§ï¼mine, yoursçï¼ä¸¤ç§ï¼å½¢å®¹è¯æ§çç©ä¸»ä»£è¯å±äºéå®è¯ãåè¯æ§çç©ä¸»ä»£è¯å¨ç¨æ³ä¸ç¸å½äºçç¥äºä¸å¿åè¯ç--'så±æ ¼ç»æãä¾å¦ï¼
Jack's cap æ为The cap is Jack'sã
His cap æ为The cap is hisã
2ï¼ åè¯æ§ç©ä¸»ä»£è¯çå¥æ³åè½
a. ä½ä¸»è¯ãä¾å¦ï¼
May I use your pen? Yours works better. æå¯ä»¥ç¨ä¸ç¨ä½ çé¢ç¬åï¼ä½ çæ¯æç好ç¨ã
b. ä½å®¾è¯ãä¾å¦ï¼
I love my motherland as much as you love yours.
ææ·±ç±æçç¥å½å°±åä½ æ·±ç±ä½ çç¥å½ä¸æ ·ã
c. ä½ä»è¯å®¾è¯ãä¾å¦ï¼
Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.
ä½ åºå½æææç¨çè¯ä¹å»è§£éæ说çè¯ï¼èä¸è½æä½ èªå·±çå»è§£éã
d. ä½ä¸»è¯è¡¥è¯ãä¾å¦ï¼
The life I have is yours. It's yours. It's yours. æççå½å±äºä½ ï¼å±äºä½ ï¼å±äºä½ ã
6 åéæææ ¼
ç©ä¸»ä»£è¯ä¸å¯ä¸ a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, whichçè¯ä¸èµ·åç½®ï¼ä¿®é¥°ä¸ä¸ªåè¯ï¼èå¿
é¡»ç¨åéæææ ¼ãå
¬å¼ä¸ºï¼a, an, this, that +åè¯+of +åè¯æ§ç©ä¸»ä»£è¯ãä¾å¦ï¼a friend of mine, each brother of his.
7 .å身代è¯çå¥æ³åè½
1ï¼å宾è¯
a. æäºå¨è¯éæå身代è¯ï¼å¦absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behaveçãä¾å¦ï¼
We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. æ们æ¨æç©å¾å¾å¼å¿ã
Please help yourself to some fish. è¯·ä½ é便åç¹é±¼ã
I could not dressï¼myselfï¼up at that time. é£ä¸ªæ¶åæä¸è½ææ®æèªå·±ã
b. ç¨äºåç©å¨è¯+宾è¯+ä»è¯ï¼å¦take pride in, be annoyed withçãä¾å¦ï¼
Are you trying to make a fool of yourself? ä½ æ¯ä¸æ¯æ³åºæ´ç¸ï¼
2ï¼ ç¨ä½è¡¨è¯ï¼å¦ç»æbe oneselfãä¾å¦ï¼
I am not myself today. æä»å¤©ä¸èæã
3ï¼ ç¨ä½åä½è¯
The thing itself is not important. äºæ
æ¬èº«å¹¶ä¸éè¦ã
4ï¼ å¨ä¸å¼ºè°çæ
åµä¸ï¼but, except, for çä»è¯å宾è¯ç¨å身代è¯æ人称代è¯å®¾æ ¼åå¯ãå¦ï¼No one but myselfï¼meï¼is hurt.
注æï¼
a. å身代è¯æ¬èº«ä¸è½åç¬ä½ä¸»è¯ã
ï¼éï¼ Myself drove the car.
ï¼å¯¹ï¼ I myself drove the car. æèªå·±å¼è½¦ã
b. ä½å¨and, or, norè¿æ¥ç并å主è¯ä¸ï¼ç¬¬äºä¸ªä¸»è¯å¯ç¨å身代è¯ï¼ç¹å«æ¯myself ä½ä¸»è¯ãä¾å¦ï¼
Charles and myself saw it. æ¥å°æ¯åæçè§äºè¿ä»¶äºã
8 ç¸äºä»£è¯
1ï¼ç¸äºä»£è¯åªæeach otheråone another两个è¯ç»ãä»ä»¬è¡¨ç¤ºå¥ä¸å¨è¯æåè¿°çå¨ä½ææè§å¨æ¶åçå个对象ä¹é´æ¯ç¸äºåå¨çãä¾å¦ï¼
It is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other.
æ¾èæè§ï¼ä¸åæåç人æ»æ¯ç¸äºåé´çã
2ï¼ç¸äºä»£è¯çå¥æ³åè½ï¼
a. ä½å¨è¯å®¾è¯ï¼
People should love one another. 人们åºå½å½¼æ¤ç¸ç±ã
b. å¯ä½ä»è¯å®¾è¯ï¼
Does bark, cocks crow, frogs croak to each other. å ã鸡鸣ãèå¿å¯¹å±ã
说æï¼ä¼ ç»è¯æ³è®¤ä¸ºï¼ç¸äºå
³ç³»åå¨äºä¸¤ä¸ªäººæç©ä¹é´ç¨each otherï¼ åå¨äºä¸¤ä¸ªä»¥ä¸äººåç©ä¹é´ç¨one anotherãç°ä»£è±è¯ä¸ï¼ä¸¤ç»è¯äº¤æ¿ä½¿ç¨çå®ä¾ä¹å¾å¤ãä¾å¦ï¼
He put all the books beside each other/one another. ä»æææ书并åææ¾èµ·æ¥ã
Usually these small groups were independent of each other.è¿äºå°å¢ä½é常æ¯ç¸äºç¬ç«çã
c. ç¸äºä»£è¯å¯å -'sæææææ ¼ãä¾å¦ï¼
The students borrowed each other's notes. å¦ç们äºåç¬è®°ã
9 æ示代è¯
1ï¼ æ示代è¯ååæ°ï¼this / thatï¼åå¤æ°ï¼these / thoseï¼ä¸¤ç§å½¢å¼ï¼æ¢å¯ä½éå®è¯åå¯å代è¯ãä¾å¦ï¼
ä½éå®è¯ï¼ This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.
ä½ä»£è¯ï¼ This is Mary. Those are my teachers.
2ï¼ æ示代è¯çå¥æ³åè½ï¼
a. ä½ä¸»è¯ãä¾å¦ï¼
This is the way to do it. è¿äºå¿å°±è¯¥è¿æ ·åã
b. ä½å®¾è¯ãä¾å¦ï¼
I like this better than that. æå欢è¿ä¸ªçè³é£ä¸ªã
c. ä½ä¸»è¯è¡¥è¯ãä¾å¦ï¼
My point is this. æçè§ç¹å°±æ¯å¦æ¤ã
d. ä½ä»è¯å®¾è¯ãä¾å¦ï¼
I don't say no to that. æ并æªæç»é£ä¸ªã
There is no fear of that. é£å¹¶ä¸å¯æã
说æ1ï¼æ示代è¯å¨ä½ä¸»è¯æ¶å¯æç©ä¹å¯æ人ï¼ä½ä½å
¶ä»å¥åæåæ¶åªè½æç©ï¼ä¸è½æ人ãä¾å¦ï¼
ï¼å¯¹ï¼That is my teacher. é£æ¯æçèå¸ãï¼thatä½ä¸»è¯ï¼æ人ï¼
ï¼å¯¹ï¼He is going to marry this girl. ä»è¦åè¿ä¸ªå§å¨ç»å©ãï¼thisä½éå®è¯ï¼
ï¼éï¼He is going to marry this. ï¼thisä½å®¾è¯æ¶ä¸è½æ人ï¼
ï¼å¯¹ï¼I bought this. æä¹°è¿ä¸ªãï¼thisæç©ï¼å¯ä½å®¾è¯ï¼
说æ2ï¼Thatåthoseå¯ä½å®è¯ä»å¥çå
è¡è¯ï¼ä½thiså theseä¸è½ï¼åæ¶ï¼å¨ä½å
è¡è¯æ¶ï¼åªæthoseå¯æ人ï¼è¯æ¯è¾ï¼
ï¼å¯¹ï¼ He admired that which looked beautiful. ä»èµèµå¤è¡¨æ¼äº®çä¸è¥¿ã
ï¼å¯¹ï¼ He admired those who looked beautiful.
ä»èµèµé£äºå¤è¡¨æ¼äº®ç人ãï¼thoseæ人ï¼
ï¼éï¼ He admired that who danced well. ï¼thatä½å®¾è¯æ¶ä¸è½æ人ï¼
ï¼å¯¹ï¼ He admired those who danced well. ä»èµèµè·³è好ç人ãï¼thoseæ人ï¼
ï¼å¯¹ï¼ He admired those which looked beautiful.
ä»èµèµé£äºå¤è¡¨æ¼äº®çä¸è¥¿ãï¼thoseæç©ï¼
10 çé®ä»£è¯
1ï¼ çé®ä»£è¯å¨å¥ä¸èµ·åè¯è¯ç»çä½ç¨ï¼ç¨æ¥ææçé®å¥ãçé®ä»£è¯æä¸åå 个ï¼
æäººï¼ who, whom, whose, whoever, whomever, whosever
æç©ï¼ what, whatever
æ¢å¯æ人åå¯æç©ï¼ which, whichever
2ï¼ çé®ä»£è¯å¨å¥ä¸åºä½äºè°è¯å¨è¯ä¹åï¼æ²¡ææ§åæ°çååï¼é¤whoä¹å¤ä¹æ²¡ææ ¼çååãwhat, which, whose以åå®ä»¬ä¸everçåæè¯ï¼è¿å¯ä½éå®è¯ãè¯æ¯è¾ï¼
çé®ä»£è¯ï¼Whose are these books on the desk? æ¡ä¸ç书æ¯è°çï¼
What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion?
ç¾å½çé¢åæ©å¼ æ¯æåªä¸ªæ¹åçï¼
éå®è¯ï¼Whose books are these on the desk? æ¡ä¸ç书æ¯è°çï¼
What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States?
åªäºäºä»¶ä½¿å¯è¥¿è¥¿æ¯æ²³ä»¥ä¸ç大é¨ååå°å½å±äºç¾å½ï¼
说æ1ï¼æ 论æ¯åçé®ä»£è¯è¿æ¯éå®è¯ï¼which å what ææçèå´ä¸åãwhatææçèå´æ¯æ éçï¼èwhichåæå¨ä¸å®çèå´å
ãä¾å¦ï¼
Which girls do you like best? ä½ å欢åªå 个å§å¨ï¼
What girls do you like best? ä½ å欢ä»ä¹æ ·çå§å¨ï¼
说æ2ï¼Whomæ¯whoçå®¾æ ¼ï¼å¨ä¹¦é¢è¯ä¸ï¼å®ä½å¨è¯å®¾è¯æä»è¯å®¾è¯ï¼å¨å£è¯ä¸ä½å®¾è¯æ¶ï¼å¯ç¨who代æ¿ï¼ä½å¨ä»è¯ååªè½ç¨whom, ä¾å¦ï¼
Whoï¼mï¼did you meet on the street? ä½ å¨è¡ä¸éå°äºè°ï¼ï¼ä½å¨è¯å®¾è¯ï¼
Whoï¼mï¼ are you taking the book to? ä½ è¦æè¿ä¹¦å¸¦ç»è°ï¼ï¼ä½ä»è¯å®¾è¯ï¼ç½®å¥é¦ï¼
To whom did you speak on the campus?
ä½ å¨æ ¡åéåè°è®²è¯äºï¼ï¼ä½ä»è¯å®¾è¯ï¼ç½®ä»è¯åï¼ä¸è½ç¨whoå代ãï¼
说æ3ï¼çé®ä»£è¯ç¨äºå¯¹ä»è¯å®¾è¯æé®æ¶ï¼è¿å»çæä½ä¸ä»è¯åçé®ä»£è¯é常ä¸èµ·æ¾å¨å¥é¦ï¼ç°ä»£è±è¯ä¸ï¼çé®ä»£è¯å¨å¥é¦ï¼ä»è¯å¨å¥æ«ãä¾å¦ï¼
For what do most people live and work?
大é¨å人çæ´»åå·¥ä½çç®çæ¯ä»ä¹ï¼ï¼æ§æä½ï¼
What are you looking for? ä½ å¨æ¾ä»ä¹ï¼ï¼ç°ä»£è±è¯ï¼
说æ4ï¼ çé®ä»£è¯è¿å¯å¼å¯¼åè¯æ§ä»å¥ãä¾å¦ï¼
I can't make out what he is driving at. æä¸ç¥éä»ç¨æä½å¨ã
Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?
ä½ è½åè¯æåºä¸çè衬衣æ¯è°çåï¼
Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.
ä½ è¯´çæ大é¨ååæï¼ä½å¹¶ä¸å®å
¨èµåã
11. å
³ç³»ä»£è¯
1ï¼ å
³ç³»ä»£è¯ç¨æ¥å¼å¯¼å®è¯ä»å¥ãå®ä»£è¡¨å
è¡è¯ï¼åæ¶å¨ä»å¥ä¸ä½ä¸å®çå¥åæåãä¾å¦ï¼
The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin. è·æ讲è¯çå§å¨æ¯æ表妹ã
该å¥ä¸whomæ¢ä»£è¡¨å
è¡è¯the girlï¼åå¨ä»å¥ä¸ä½ä»è¯toç宾è¯ã
2) å
³ç³»ä»£è¯æä¸»æ ¼ï¼å®¾æ ¼åå±æ ¼ä¹åï¼å¹¶ææ人ä¸æç©ä¹åãå¨éå®æ§å®è¯ä»å¥ä¸ï¼that å¯æ人ä¹å¯æç©. ä¾å¦ï¼
This is the pencil whose point is broken.
è¿å°±æ¯é£ææäºå°çé
ç¬ãï¼whose æç©ï¼å¨éå®æ§å®è¯ä»å¥ä¸ä½å®è¯ï¼
He came back for the book which he had forgotten.
ä»åæ¥åä»ä¸¢ä¸ç书ãï¼whichæç©ï¼å¨éå®æ§å®è¯ä»å¥ä¸ä½å®¾è¯ï¼å¯ä»¥çç¥ï¼
说æï¼ééå®æ§å®è¯ä»å¥ä¸ï¼ä¸è½ç¨thatä½å
³ç³»ä»£è¯ã
3ï¼ å
³ç³»ä»£è¯whichçå
è¡è¯å¯ä»¥æ¯ä¸ä¸ªå¥åãä¾å¦ï¼
He said he saw me there, which was a lie. ä»è¯´å¨é£å¿çå°äºæï¼çº¯å±è°è¨ã
说æï¼å
³ç³»ä»£è¯å¨ä»å¥ä¸ä½å®¾è¯æ¶å¯ä»¥çç¥ãå¦å¤ï¼å
³ç³»ä»£è¯thatå¨ä»å¥ä¸ä½è¡¨è¯æ¶ä¹å¯çç¥ï¼ä¾å¦ï¼
I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew. æè¿å»ææä¸è¯ï¼ç°å¨å¤§é½å¿äºã
He's changed. He's not the man he was. ä»ååå¾å¤§ï¼å·²ä¸æ¯è¿å»çä»äºã
12 ä¸å®ä»£è¯
1ï¼ä¸å®ä»£è¯æall , both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, no 以åsome, something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody, everyone.çã
2ï¼ä¸å®ä»£è¯çåè½ä¸ç¨æ³
ä¸) é¤every ånoå¤ä¸å®ä»£è¯æ¢å¯ç¨ä½åè¯ï¼ä¹å¯ç¨ä½å½¢å®¹è¯ãeveryånoå¨å¥ä¸åªè½ä½å®è¯ãä¾å¦ï¼
I have no idea about it. æä¸ç¥è¯¥ååã
äº) all é½ï¼æä¸è
以ä¸ãall ç主è°ä¸è´ï¼allçåå¤æ°ç±å®æ修饰ææ代çåè¯çåå¤æ°å³å®ãä¾å¦ï¼
All goes well. ä¸åè¿å±å¾å¾å¥½ã
all é常ä¸ä¸å¯æ°åè¯åæ°è¿ç¨ï¼å¦ï¼ä¸è¯´ all the bookï¼è说 the whole bookã
ä½allå¯ä¸è¡¨æ¶é´çå¯æ°åè¯åæ°è¿ç¨ï¼å¦ all dayï¼all nightï¼all the yearï¼ä½ä¹ æ¯ä¸ä¸è¯´ all hourï¼all centuryã
allè¿å¯ä»¥ä¸ä¸äºç¹æ®çåæ°åè¯è¿ç¨ï¼å¦ all Chinaï¼all the cityï¼all my lifeï¼all the way
ä¸ï¼both é½ï¼æ两è
ã
a. both ä¸å¤æ°å¨è¯è¿ç¨ï¼ä½ both⦠andâ¦å¯ä¸åæ°åè¯è¿ç¨ã
b. both, all é½å¯ä½åä½è¯ï¼å
¶ä½ç½®å¨è¡ä¸ºå¨è¯åï¼ be å¨è¯ä¹åãå¦æå©å¨è¯ææ
æå¨è¯åé¢çå®ä¹å¨è¯çå»ï¼åä½äºå©å¨è¯ææ
æå¨è¯ä¹åãä¾å¦ï¼
Who can speak Japanese? è°è½è®²æ¥æ¬è¯ï¼
We bothï¼allï¼can. æ们é½ä¸ä¼ã
åï¼neither 两è
é½ä¸
a. neitherä½ä¸»è¯æ¶ï¼è°è¯å¨è¯ç¨åæ°ã
b. ä½å®è¯ä¸åæ°åè¯è¿ç¨ï¼ä½neither⦠nor ç¨ä½å¹¶åè¿è¯ï¼å¯ä¸å¤æ°åè¯è¿ç¨ãå
¶è°è¯éç¨å°±è¿ååã
Neither student went to see the film last night.
Neither the students no the teachers went to see the film last night.
c. å¯ç¨äºä¸åå¥åï¼é¿å
éå¤ãä¾å¦ï¼
She can't singï¼neitherï¼canï¼he. 她ä¸ä¼å±æï¼ä»ä¹ä¸ä¼ã
äºï¼neither ä¸nor çæ¯è¾
a. å¦åå¥æ¯å¦å®å¼ä»å¥ï¼å主å¥ç¨neitherï¼èä¸ç¨ norãä¾å¦ï¼
If you don't do itï¼neither should I. å¦æä½ ä¸å¹²ï¼æä¹ä¸å¹²ã
b. å¦åè¿ç»æå 个å¦å®å¥å¼ï¼åç¨norï¼ä¸ç¨neitherãä¾å¦ï¼
He can't singï¼nor danceï¼nor skate. ä»ä¸ä¼å±æï¼ä¸ä¼è·³èï¼ä¹ä¸ä¼æ»å°ã
å
) none, no one
a. none æ noneä½ä¸»è¯ï¼å¤ä¸of ææçè¯ none ofã å¨çè¯ä¸ï¼noneå¯åç¬ä½¿ç¨ãä¾å¦ï¼
-------Are there any pictures on the wall? å¢ä¸æç»åï¼
-------None. 没ã
b. none of åé¢è·åè¯å¤æ°ä½ä¸»è¯ï¼è°è¯å¨è¯åå¤æ°åå¯ãä½å¦å表è¯ï¼åå
¶åå¤æ°ä¸è¡¨è¯ä¸è´ãä¾å¦ï¼
None of them have (has) arrived yet. ä»ä»¬ä¸è°ä¹æ²¡æå°ã
It is none of your business. é²äºè«ç®¡ã
c. no one åªç¨äºäººï¼none æ¢å¯æ人ä¹å¯æç©ãå¦æ说âè¥å¹²ä¹ä¸ä¸ä¸ªä¹ä¸âåç¨none of.
No one told us that he was there. ä¸ç¨none. æ¯è¾ï¼None of them told us that.
ä¸) few ä¸äºï¼å°æ°ï¼ 修饰å¯æ°åè¯ã
few ä½ä¸»è¯æ¶ï¼è°è¯å¨è¯ç¨å¤æ°ï¼å¤ç¨äºè¯å®å¥ãåæ¶fewåå
·æ形容è¯çæ§è´¨ï¼åé¢å¯ä»¥ç¨very修饰
Few of my friends will come. æçæå没å 个ä¼æ¥ã
few survived in the battle. è¿æ¬¡ææä¸æ´»ä¸æ¥ç没å 个ã
Very few survived in the battle. åªæå¾å°å 个人å¨è¿æ¬¡ææä¸æ´»äºä¸æ¥ã
å
«ï¼some ä¸äºï¼å¯ä¸å¤æ°åè¯åä¸å¯æ°åè¯è¿ç¨ãå½å"æä¸"解æ¶ï¼ä¹å¯ä¸åæ°åè¯è¿ç¨ã
You will be sorry for this some day. æ»æä¸å¤©ï¼ä½ ä¼ä¸ºæ¤åæçã
Some person has seen you break the rule. ææ个人çè§ä½ è¿è§ã
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ï¼1ï¼å¨è¯å®çé®å¥ä¸ç¨some代æ¿anyã
ï¼2ï¼someç¨äºå
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a.è¯å®çé®å¥ä¸ï¼è¯´è¯äººè®¤ä¸ºå¯¹æ¹ççæ¡ä¼æ¯è¯å®çï¼æææå¾å°è¯å®åçæ¶ã
Would you likeå¥å¼ä¸ï¼è¡¨å§å©è¯·æ±æ建议ãä¾å¦ï¼
Would you like some coffee? ååå¡åï¼
b.å¨æ¡ä»¶ç¶è¯ä»å¥ä¸è¡¨ç¤ºç¡®å®çæä¹æ¶ãä¾å¦ï¼
If you need some helpï¼let me know. éè¦å¸®å©ï¼è·æ说ã
c.someä½äºä¸»è¯é¨åãä¾å¦ï¼
Some students haven't been there before. æäºå¦ç没å»è¿é£å¿ã
d.å½å¦å®çæ¯æ´ä½ä¸çé¨åæ¶ï¼someå¯ç¨äºå¦å®å¥ãä¾å¦ï¼
I haven't heard from some of my old friends these years.
è¿äºå¹´æ没ææ¶å°ä¸äºèæåçä¿¡ã
ä¹) any ä¸äº
any å¤ç¨äºå¦å®å¥åçé®å¥åæ¡ä»¶ç¶è¯ä»å¥ä¸ã
å½å¥ä¸å«æä»»ä½çæææ¶ï¼anyå¯ç¨äºè¯å®å¥ã
Here are three novels. You may read any. è¿æä¸æ¬å°è¯´ï¼ä½ å¯ä»»è¯»ä¸æ¬ã
åï¼one, å¤æ°å½¢å¼ä¸ºones
oneså¿
é¡»å形容è¯è¿ç¨ãå¦ææ¿ä»£çåè¯æ¶æ 形容è¯å¨åï¼åç¨some, anyï¼èä¸ç¨onesãä¾å¦ï¼Have you bought any rulers? ä¹°å°ºäºåï¼
Yes, I 've bought some. ä¹°äºï¼ä¹°äºå æã
åä¸ï¼oneï¼that åit
one表示æ³æï¼thatåit 表示ç¹æãthatä¸ææåè¯ä¸ºåç±»ï¼ä½ä¸æ¯åä¸ä¸ªï¼èit ä¸ææåè¯ä¸ºåä¸ä¸ªãä¾å¦ï¼
I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one.ï¼ä¸å®ï¼ææ¾ä¸å°æç帽åäºãææ³æ该å»ä¹°ä¸é¡¶ã
The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.ï¼åç±»ä½ä¸å个ï¼ä½ ä¹°çé£é¡¶å¸½åæ¯æä¹°ç大ã
I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it.ï¼ åä¸ç©ï¼
ææ¾ä¸å°æç帽åãæä¸ç¥éææå®æ¾å¨åªäºã
åäºï¼ one/another/the other çåºç¨æ¹å¼åå
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one⦠the other åªæ两个
some⦠the others æä¸ä¸ªä»¥ä¸
one⦠anotherï¼anotherâ¦
some⦠othersï¼othersâ¦
others = other people/things
the others = the rest å©ä½çå
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1ï¼ æ³æå¦ä¸ä¸ªç¨anotherã
2ï¼ ä¸å®èå´å
两人ï¼ç©ï¼ï¼ä¸ä¸ªç¨oneï¼å¦ä¸ä¸ªç¨the otherã
3ï¼ ä¸å®èå´å
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ï¼ä¸ä¸ªç¨oneï¼å¦ä¸ä¸ªç¨one ï¼anotherï¼ï¼ç¬¬ä¸ä¸ªå¯ç¨the otherï¼a thirdã
4ï¼ ä¸å®èå´å
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5ï¼ æ³æå«ç人æç©æ¶ï¼ç¨otherså½å¨ä¸å®èå´å
ï¼é¤å»ä¸é¨ååï¼å©ä½é¨åä½ä¸æ¯å
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He is one of the students who help me.
He is the one of the students who helps me. ä»æ¯å¸®æçå¦çä¹ä¸ã
第ä¸å¥å®è¯ä»å¥ä¸the students ä¸è´ã
第äºå¥å®è¯ä»å¥ä¸the one ä¸è´ã
ååï¼anyone/any oneï¼no one/noneï¼every/each
1ï¼anyone å any one
anyoneä»
æ人ï¼any oneæ¢å¯æ人ï¼ä¹å¯æç©ã
2ï¼no one ånone
aï¼ none åè·ofçè¯ï¼æ¢å¯æ人åå¯æç©ï¼èno oneåªåç¬ä½¿ç¨ï¼åªæ人ã
bï¼ none ä½ä¸»è¯ï¼è°è¯å¨è¯ç¨åï¼å¤æ°åå¯ï¼èno oneä½ä¸»è¯è°è¯å¨è¯åªè½æ¯åæ°ãä¾å¦ï¼
None of you could lift it. ä½ ä»¬ä¸æ²¡æ人å¯ä¸¾èµ·å®ã
---- Has any one call me up this morning? --åææ人æçµè¯ç»æå?
---- No one. --没æã
3ï¼every åeach
aï¼ every 强è°å
¨ä½çæ¦å¿µï¼ each强è°ä¸ªä½æ¦å¿µãä¾å¦ï¼
Every student in our school works hard. æ们å¦æ ¡çå¦çé½å¾ç¨åã
Each student may have one book.. æ¯ä¸ªå¦çé½å¯æä¸æ¬ä¹¦ã
bï¼ every æä¸ä¸ªä»¥ä¸ç人æç©ï¼å«ä¸ä¸ªï¼ï¼eachæ两个以ä¸ç人æç© ï¼å«ä¸¤ä¸ªï¼ã
cï¼ every åªä½å½¢å®¹è¯ï¼ä¸å¯åç¬ä½¿ç¨ãeachå¯ä½ä»£è¯æ形容è¯ãä¾å¦ï¼
Every boy has to take one. æ¯ä¸ªç·å©å¿
é¡»åä¸ä¸ªã
Each boy has to take one.
Each of the boys has to take one.
dï¼ everyä¸å¯ä»¥ä½ç¶è¯ï¼eachå¯ä½ç¶è¯ã
eï¼ every æåå¤éå¤çææï¼å¦ every two weeksçï¼ each没æã
fï¼ every ä¸not è¿ç¨ï¼è¡¨ç¤ºé¨åå¦å®ï¼ each ånotè¿ç¨è¡¨ç¤ºå
¨é¨å¦å®ãä¾å¦ï¼
Every man is not honest. 并éæ¯ä¸ªäººé½è¯å®ã
Each man is not honest. è¿å¿æ¯ä¸ªäººé½ä¸è¯å®ã
åäºï¼ both, either, neither, all, any, none
è¿äºè¯é½å¯ç¨ä½ä»£è¯æ形容è¯ãå
¶ä½ç½®é½å¨be å¨è¯ä¹åï¼è¡ä¸ºå¨è¯ä¹åæ第ä¸ä¸ªå©å¨è¯ä¹åã
1ï¼ both ï¼ä¸¤è
é½ï¼ï¼eitherï¼ä¸¤è
ä¸ä»»ä½ä¸ä¸ªï¼ï¼neither ï¼ä¸¤è
é½ä¸ï¼ã以ä¸è¯ä½¿ç¨èå´ä¸ºä¸¤ä¸ªäººæç©ãä¾å¦ï¼
Neither of the two boys is clever. 两个ç·å©é½ä¸èªæã
2ï¼ bothï¼either
bothä¸å¤æ°è¿ç¨ï¼eitherä¸åæ°è¿ç¨ãä¾å¦ï¼
Both the boys are clever. 两个ç·å©é½å¾èªæã
Either of the two boys is clever.
There are flowers on both sides of the street. 路边é¿æ»¡äºéè±ã
There are flowers on either side of the street.
3ï¼ all ï¼ææçï¼å
¨é¨ç人æç©ï¼ï¼any ï¼ä»»ä½ä¸ä¸ªï¼ï¼ none ï¼é½ä¸ï¼ã 以ä¸è¯ä½¿ç¨èå´ä¸ºä¸è
以ä¸ãä¾å¦ï¼
All the flowers are gone. ææçè±é½è°¢äºã
I don't like any of the flowers. è¿äºè±æé½ä¸å欢ã
I like none of the flowers. è¿äºè±æé½ä¸å欢ã
注æï¼allä¸noneç¨æ³ä¸æ ·ãè·åæ°åè¯ï¼ç¨åæ°å¨è¯ï¼è·å¤æ°åè¯ï¼ç¨å¤æ°å¨è¯ãä¾å¦ï¼
All of the students are there. ææçå¦çé½å¨é£ã
All ï¼ofï¼ the milk is there. ææçç奶é½å¨é£ã
åå
ï¼ many, much
Manyï¼muché½æ为"许å¤"ï¼ many + å¯æ°åè¯ï¼much + ä¸å¯æ°åè¯ãä¾å¦ï¼
How many people are there at the meeting? å¤å°äººåºå¸äºä¼è®®ã
How much time has we left? è¿å©å¤å°æ¶é´ï¼
Many of the workers were at the meeting.许å¤å·¥äººå¨å¼ä¼ã
Much of the time was spent on learning.å¦ä¹ ä¸åäºè®¸å¤æ¶é´ã
åä¸ï¼ few, little, a few, a little
ï¼aï¼ few + å¯æ°åè¯, ï¼aï¼ little + ä¸å¯æ°åè¯
a few / a little 为è¯å®å«ä¹ï¼è¿æä¸ç¹
few / little 为å¦å®å«ä¹ï¼æ²¡æå¤å°äºãä¾å¦ï¼
He has a few friends. ä»æå 个æåã
He has few friends. ä»å ä¹æ²¡ææåã
We still have a little time. æ们è¿æç¹æ¶é´ã
There is little time left. å ä¹æ²¡å©ä¸ä»ä¹æ¶é´äºã
åºå®æé
ï¼only a few ï¼=fewï¼ not a few ï¼=manyï¼ quite a few ï¼=manyï¼ many a ï¼=manyï¼ãä¾å¦ï¼ Many books were sold.
Many a book was sold. ååºäºè®¸å¤ä¹¦ã
å
¸åä¾é¢:
Although he 's wealthyï¼he spends___ on clothes.
A. little B. few C. a little D. a few
çæ¡ï¼ A. spendææçæ¯é±ï¼ä¸å¯æ°ï¼åªè½ç¨littleæ a little. æ¬å¥ä¸ºalthoughå¼å¯¼ç让æ¥ç¶è¯ä»å¥ï¼ç±å¥æç¥åå¥ä¸ºå¦å®å«ä¹ï¼å æ¤åºç¨little表示å ä¹ä¸ã
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