英语的定语从句中if和whether的区别?什么情况下必用if

如题所述

whether和if用法相同吗?
有时相同,有时不同.whether和if都可作宾语从句的引导词,意为“是否”,在一般情况下可以互换.if多用于口语和非正式文体中,whether则多用于比较正式的文体中.例如:
She asked me if/whether I could help her with her English.她问我是否能帮她学英语.
I don't know if/whether it is going to rain.我不知道是否会下雨.
它们之间的相同点我已明白.它们之间有什么不同呢?
在下列六种情况下,只能用whether,不能用 if:
1.在带to的动词不定式前.例如:
She hasn't decided whether to go or not.她还没有决定去还是不去.
He doesn't know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home.他不知道是去看电影还是在家看电视.
2.在介词后面.例如:
I'm thinking of whether we should go fishing.我在想我们是否该去钓鱼.
I'm not interested in whether she'll come or not.她来不来,我不感兴趣.
3.直接与or not连用时.例如:
I can't say whether or no the will come on time.他能否准时来,我说不准.
I don't know whether or not they will come to help us.我不知道他们是否会来帮助我们.
4.在动词discuss后面的宾语从句中.例如:
We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week.我们讨论下周我们是否举行运动会.
5.宾语从句提前时只能用whether.例如:
Whether this is true or not,I can't say.这是不是真的,我说不准.
6.引导位于句首的主语从句或表语从句用 whether.例如:
Whether he is right or wrong is a question.他是对还是错仍是个问题.
The question was whether he went there last night.问题是他昨晚去没去那里.
那么,在什么情况下用if不用whether呢?
在下面三种情况下用if不用whether:
1.引导条件状语从句,if意为“如果”时,不可用 whether代替.例如:
We will go swimming if it is fine tomorrow.如果明天天气好,我们将去游泳.
We'll go hiking ifit doesn't rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我们将去徒步旅行.
2.引导否定概念的宾语从句时一般用if.例如:
He asked me if I hadn't finished my homework.他问我是否没有完成作业.
3.状语从句中的even if(即使)和as if(好像)中的if不能用whether来替代.例如:
I'll not let you watch TV even if you're free.即使你有空,我也不让你看电视.
He talks as if he knew all about it.他说话的口气好像他全部都已知道了.
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