乙烷、丙烯、的分子式分别为C
2H
6、C
3H
6、C
4H
6,分子中含有的H原子数目相同,根据氢元素守恒可知,物质的量相同生成水的质量相同;
乙烷分子式为C
2H
6,丙烯的分子式为C
3H
6,丁炔的分子式为C
4H
6,耗氧量取决于(x+
)消耗氧气分别为3.5、4.5、5.5,故相同物质的量的烃,丁炔的耗氧量最多;
1mol丙烯和HCl气体发生加成反应后含7molH,和7mol Cl
2发生取代反应;
则1mol某不饱和烃可以和1molCl
2发生加成反应,生成2,3-二氯-2-甲基戊烷,根据加成反应的原理,采取倒推法还原C=C双键,从分子中减掉氯原子形成C=C双键,可得不饱和烃的结构为(CH
3)
2C=CH-CH
2-CH
3,根据系统命名法命名为2-甲基-2-戊烯.
故答案为:水;丁炔;7;(CH
3)
2C=CH-CH
2-CH
3;2-甲基-2-戊烯;
(2)①甲苯、浓硝酸、浓硫酸发生取代反应生成TNT,反应为
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/7acb0a46f21fbe09d2df7fa568600c338644adfa?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
+3HNO
3![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/b58f8c5494eef01f302ca574e3fe9925bc317d42?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
+3H
2O,
故答案为:
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/7acb0a46f21fbe09d2df7fa568600c338644adfa?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
+3HNO
3![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/b58f8c5494eef01f302ca574e3fe9925bc317d42?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
+3H
2O;取代反应;
②氯乙烯中含双键,发生加聚反应生成聚氯乙烯,反应为nCH
2=CHCl→
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/3801213fb80e7beca8d2b6502c2eb9389b506b73?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,故答案为:nCH
2=CHCl→
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/3801213fb80e7beca8d2b6502c2eb9389b506b73?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
;加聚反应;
③丙烯与HBr发生加成反应,反应为CH
3-CH=CH
2+HBr→CH
3CHBrCH
3,故答案为:CH
3-CH=CH
2+HBr→CH
3CHBrCH
3;
④CaC
2与水反应生成乙炔,反应为CaC
2+2H
2O→CH≡CH↑+Ca(OH)
2,乙炔的电子式为
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/9345d688d43f8794e832fc9fd11b0ef41ad53ab5?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,
故答案为:CaC
2+2H
2O→CH≡CH↑+Ca(OH)
2;
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/9345d688d43f8794e832fc9fd11b0ef41ad53ab5?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
;
⑤乙烯与水发生加成反应生成乙醇,反应为CH
2=CH
2+H
2O→CH
3CH
2OH,乙醇的官能团为-OH,名称为羟基,电子式为
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/0d338744ebf81a4ccfc07278d42a6059242da695?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,
故答案为:CH
2=CH
2+H
2O→CH
3CH
2OH;羟基;
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/0d338744ebf81a4ccfc07278d42a6059242da695?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
.