一定条件下,氢气和一氧化碳反应生成甲醇,甲醇和氢溴酸发生取代反应生成一溴甲烷,在催化剂条件下,一溴甲烷和和A反应生成B,B反应生成C,C反应生成D,根据A的分子式知,A中含有醇羟基和亚甲基或甲基和酚羟基,根据D的结构简式知,A中含有甲基和酚羟基,酚发生取代反应时取代位置为酚羟基的邻对位,根据D知,A是间甲基苯酚,间甲基苯酚和一溴甲烷反应生成B(2,5-二甲基苯酚),2,5-二甲基苯酚和氢气发生加成反应生成
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/5882b2b7d0a20cf44f553b6e75094b36adaf99be?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/5882b2b7d0a20cf44f553b6e75094b36adaf99be?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
发生消去反应生成
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/b3b7d0a20cf431adb41786884836acaf2fdd98be?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/b3b7d0a20cf431adb41786884836acaf2fdd98be?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
和丙烯发生加成反应生成M,M的结构简式为:
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/caef76094b36acafad25534d7fd98d1000e99cbe?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,
(1)a.根据流程图知,从合成气中也可获得合成氨的原料H
2,故正确;
b.甲醇可发生取代、氧化反应但不能发生消去,故错误;
c.也可用石油采取裂化、裂解的方法获得丙烯,故错误;
d.煤焦油中含有间甲基苯酚,所以可用分馏的方法从煤焦油中获得A,故正确;
故选b、c;
(2)通常实验室可用甲醇和浓硫酸、溴化钠制取一溴甲烷,故答案为:浓硫酸、溴化钠;
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/caef76094b36acafad25534d7fd98d1000e99cbe?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
(3)在浓硫酸作催化剂、加热条件下,
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/5882b2b7d0a20cf44f553b6e75094b36adaf99be?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
发生消去反应生成
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/b3b7d0a20cf431adb41786884836acaf2fdd98be?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,M的结构简式为:
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/caef76094b36acafad25534d7fd98d1000e99cbe?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,
故答案为:浓硫酸、加热,
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/caef76094b36acafad25534d7fd98d1000e99cbe?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
;
(4)取1.08g A物质(式量108)的物质的量=
=0.01mol,与足量饱和溴水完全反应能生成3.45g白色沉淀,根据碳原子守恒知,白色沉淀的物质的量是0.01mol,则白色沉淀的摩尔质量是345g/mol,A的式量和白色沉淀的式量相差237,则溴原子取代酚羟基的邻对位,所以A的结构简式为:
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/86d6277f9e2f07080dd0efb1ea24b899a801f2ae?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,
故答案为:
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/86d6277f9e2f07080dd0efb1ea24b899a801f2ae?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
.