“读书足以怡情”的例子有哪些?

如题所述

“读书足以怡情”的例子:

1、陶渊明 《五柳先生传》:好读书,不求甚解,每有会意,便欣然忘食。

2、培根《论读书》:读书足以怡情,足以傅彩,足以长才。其怡情也,最见于独处幽居之时;其博彩也,最见于高谈阔论之中;其长才也,最见于处世判事之际。

一、《五柳先生传》,作者:陶渊明。

1、原文:

先生不知何许人也,亦不详其姓字,宅边有五柳树,因以为号焉。闲静少言,不慕荣利。好读书,不求甚解;每有会意,便欣然忘食。性嗜酒,家贫不能常得。亲旧知其如此,或置酒而招之;造饮辄尽,期在必醉。既醉而退,曾不吝情去留。环堵萧然,不蔽风日;短褐穿结,箪瓢屡空,晏如也。常著文章自娱,颇示己志。忘怀得失,以此自终。

赞曰:黔娄之妻有言:“不戚戚于贫贱,不汲汲于富贵。”其言兹若人之俦乎?衔觞赋诗,以乐其志,无怀氏之民欤?葛天氏之民欤?

2、译文

不知道五柳先生是什么地方的人,也不清楚他的姓字。因为住宅旁边有五棵柳树,就把这个作为号了。他安安静静,很少说话,也不羡慕荣华利禄。他喜欢读书,不在一字一句的解释上过分深究;每当对书中的内容有所领会的时候,就会高兴得连饭也忘了吃。他生性喜爱喝酒,家里穷经常没有酒喝。亲戚朋友知道他这种境况,有时摆了酒席叫他去喝。他去喝酒就喝个尽兴,希望一定喝醉;喝醉了就回家,竟然说走就走。简陋的居室里空空荡荡,遮挡不住严寒和烈日,粗布短衣上打满了补丁,盛饭的篮子和饮水的水瓢里经常是空的,可是他还是安然自得。常常写文章来自娱自乐,也稍微透露出他的志趣。他从不把得失放在心上,从此过完自己的一生。

赞语说:黔娄的妻子曾经说过:“不为贫贱而忧愁,不热衷于发财做官。这话大概说的是五柳先生这一类的人吧?一边喝酒一边作诗,因为自己抱定的志向而感到无比的快乐。不知道他是无怀氏时代的人呢?还是葛天氏时代的人呢?

3、作者简介:

陶渊明(352或365年—427年),字元亮,又名潜,私谥“靖节”,世称靖节先生,浔阳柴桑(今江西省九江市)人。东晋末至南朝宋初期伟大的诗人、辞赋家。曾任江州祭酒、建威参军、镇军参军、彭泽县令等职,最末一次出仕为彭泽县令,八十多天便弃职而去,从此归隐田园。他是中国第一位田园诗人,被称为“古今隐逸诗人之宗”,有《陶渊明集》

二、《论读书》,是培根随笔中的一篇。

1、原文:

Of Studies 

STUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning, by study; and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books, else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things.

Reading make a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit: and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know, that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores:Studiespassinto thecharacterNay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but maybe wrought out by fit studies; like as diseases of the body, may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding head; and the like. So if a man\'s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the Schoolmen ; for they are cymini sectors. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers' cases. So every defect of the mind, may have a special receipt.

2、译文

读书足以怡情,足以傅彩,足以长才。其怡情也,最见于独处幽居之时;其博彩也,最见于高谈阔论之中;其长才也,最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节,然纵观统筹、全局策划,则舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰,文采藻饰太盛则矫,全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足,经验又补读书之不足,盖天生才干犹如自然花草,读书然后知如何修剪移接;而书中所示,如不以经验范之,则又大而无当。有一技之长者鄙读书,无知者羡读书,唯明智之士用读书,然书并不以用处告人,用书之智不在书中,而在书外,全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难作者,不可尽信书上所言,亦不可只为寻章摘句,而应推敲细思。书有可浅尝者,有可吞食者,少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之,有只须读其部分者,有只须大体涉猎者,少数则须全读,读时须全神贯注,孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读,取其所作摘要,但只限题材较次或价值不高者,否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏、淡而无味矣。

读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人准确。因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强,不常讨论者须天生聪颖,不常读书者须欺世有术,始能无知而显有知。读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理学使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善辩:凡有所学,皆成性格。人之才智但有滞碍,无不可读适当之书使之顺畅,一如身体百病,皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾,射箭利胸肺,慢步利肠胃,骑术利头脑,诸如此类。如智力不集中,可令读数学,盖演题须全神贯注,稍有分散即须重演;如不能辨异,可令读经院哲学,盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人;如不善求同,不善以一物阐证另一物,可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷,皆有特药可医。

3、作者简介:

弗朗西斯·培根(Francis Bacon,1561一1626年),第一代圣阿尔本子爵(1st Viscount St Alban),英国文艺复兴时期散文家、哲学家。英国唯物主义哲学家,实验科学的创始人,是近代归纳法的创始人,又是给科学研究程序进行逻辑组织化的先驱。主要著作有《新工具》、《论科学的增进》以及《学术的伟大复兴》等。

培根12岁入剑桥大学,后担任女王特别法律顾问以及朝廷的首席检察官、掌玺大臣等。晚年,受宫廷阴谋逐出宫廷,脱离政治生涯,专心从事学术研究和著述活动,写成了一批在近代文学思想史上具有重大影响的著作,其中最重要的一部是《伟大的复兴新工具论》。另外,他以哲学家的眼光,思考了广泛的人生问题,写出了许多形式短小、风格活泼的随笔小品,集成《培根随笔》。1626年3月底,培根由于身体孱弱,在实验中遭受风寒,支气管炎复发,病情恶化。1626年4月9日清晨病逝。

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