第2个回答 2006-10-15
For two hundred years, the White House has stood as a symbol of the Presidency, the United States government, and the American people. Its history, and the history of the nation’s capital, began when President George Washington signed an Act of Congress in December of 1790 declaring that the federal government would reside in a district "not exceeding ten miles square…on the river Potomac." President Washington, together with city planner Pierre L’Enfant, chose the site for the new residence, which is now 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue. As preparations began for the new federal city, a competition was held to find a builder of the "President’s House." Nine proposals were submitted, and Irish-born architect James Hoban won a gold medal for his practical and handsome design.
Construction began when the first cornerstone was laid in October of 1792. Although President Washington oversaw the construction of the house, he never lived in it. It was not until 1800, when the White House was nearly completed, that its first residents, President John Adams and his wife, Abigail, moved in. Since that time, each President has made his own changes and additions. The White House is, after all, the President’s private home. It is also the only private residence of a head of state that is open to the public, free of charge.
The White House has a unique and fascinating history. It survived a fire at the hands of the British in 1814 (during the war of 1812) and another fire in the West Wing in 1929, while Herbert Hoover was President. Throughout much of Harry S. Truman’s presidency, the interior of the house, with the exception of the third floor, was completely gutted and renovated while the Trumans lived at Blair House, right across Pennsylvania Avenue. Nonetheless, the exterior stone walls are those first put in place when the White House was constructed two centuries ago.
Presidents can express their individual style in how they decorate some parts of the house and in how they receive the public during their stay. Thomas Jefferson held the first Inaugural open house in 1805. Many of those who attended the swearing-in ceremony at the U.S. Capitol simply followed him home, where he greeted them in the Blue Room. President Jefferson also opened the house for public tours, and it has remained open, except during wartime, ever since. In addition, he welcomed visitors to annual receptions on New Year’s Day and on the Fourth of July. In 1829, a horde of 20,000 Inaugural callers forced President Andrew Jackson to flee to the safety of a hotel while, on the lawn, aides filled washtubs with orange juice and whiskey to lure the mob out of the mud-tracked White House.
After Abraham Lincoln’s presidency, Inaugural crowds became far too large for the White House to accommodate them comfortably. However, not until Grover Cleveland’s first presidency did this unsafe practice change. He held a presidential review of the troops from a flag-draped grandstand built in front of the White House. This procession evolved into the official Inaugural parade we know today. Receptions on New Year’s Day and the Fourth of July continued to be held until the early 1930s.
President Clinton’s open house on January 21, 1993 renewed a venerable White House Inaugural tradition. Two thousand citizens, selected by lottery, were greeted in the Diplomatic Reception Room by President and Mrs. Clinton and Vice President and Mrs. Gore.
白宫的历史
两百年前,白宫已停止作为标志院长,美国政府和美国人民. 它的历史、民族的历史资本开始时乔治华盛顿签署一项国会法案,在1790年12月宣布,联邦政府将在居住区"不超过10英里的广场顿时波托马克河" 华盛顿总统与城市规划皮埃尔公升离希迪,选择了新的居住地点,现在宾夕法尼亚大道1600年. 由于美国联邦准备开始对新的城市,找到了比赛的建设者"总统国家" 九个提案、爱尔兰出生的建筑师詹姆斯hoban夺得金牌,他英俊、实用的设计.
施工开始时先奠定基石1792年10月. 虽然总统华盛顿主持兴建的房子,他从未住. 直到1800年,当白宫正在接近完成,首批居民,亚当斯总统约翰夫妇的Abigail,搬进从那时起,每次总统做出自己的修改和补充. 白宫,毕竟国总统私人家园. 也是唯一一位国家元首的私人官邸,向公众开放,免费.
白宫史上具有独特而迷人. 动能火警英国人手中1814(战时1812)及另一火灾1929西翼,赫伯特胡佛总统. 整个大历杜鲁门总统,内政部的房子,除三楼,而被彻底烧毁,并整修trumans住在布莱尔楼右横跨宾夕法尼亚大道. 尽管如此,外观石墙是首次在白宫到位兴建两百年前.
总统可以表达个人的风格,在一些地区如何装点家居如何接受公众逗留期间. 杰斐逊举行就职的第一家开在1805年. 许多人参加了宣誓就职仪式在美国国会干脆尾随他回家,他在那里迎接他们的蓝厅. 总统杰弗逊也打开了房子,供公众参观,至今仍然开放,但在战时,自从. 此外,他每年接待游客欢迎中国新年,并于当天历七月第四. 1829年的一个种群两万人被迫总统就职杰克逊逃离家饭店的安全,同时,在草坪上,身边有填充washtubs橙汁、威士忌诱出的暴民泥迹白宫.
经过历林肯总统就职人潮过于庞大,成为白宫满足这些期望. 然而,直到发票克里夫兰同志曾担任第一这个做法改变不安全. 他认为,由总统府阅兵国旗披上看台白宫前建成. 这个官方的就职阅兵游行演变成今天我们都知道. 酒会历新年及第四届7天继续进行,直到30年代初.
克林顿国乐>1993年1月21日就职,白宫再度老牌传统. 2000公民,通过抽签选定,受到了迎候在外交接待室、总统夫人、副总统克林顿和戈尔的夫人