主谓一致语法总结是什么?

如题所述

主谓一致有三种一致原则,即:

一. 语法一致;

二. 概念一致(语言内容上一致);

三. 相邻一致(就近原则)。

具体讲解:

一. è¯­æ³•ä¸€è‡´ï¼›

1、单数主语、单个动词不定式、动名词短语以及句子做主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。复数主语,用and或both…and连接的动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及主语从句作主语,谓语动词则用复数形式。例如:

Serving the people is my great happiness. 

为人民服务是我最大的幸福。

Whether we’ll go depends on the weather. 

我们是否去要取决于天气的好坏。

2、当如下词或短语,如:

as well as/with/along with/like/ together with/ rather than/except but/including/

accompanied by/ plus/besides/in addition to/no less than 等引起的结构跟在主语后

面,不能看作是并列主语,该主语不受这些词组引导的插入语的影响,主语如是单数,其谓语动词仍然用单数形式。

The reading course book, plus its reference books, is helpful to college students. 

教材加上参考书对大学学生是非常有益的。

The man together with his wife and children sits on the sofa watching TV.

那个人和他妻儿老小坐在沙发上看电视。

3、有些代词只能指单数可数名词,当它们在句子中做主语时,尽管在意义上是多数,谓语动词仍要用单数形式。这类代词有:

either,  neither,  each one,   the other ,another,somebody ,someone,  something,anyone,  anything,  anybody,everyone,  everything,  everybody,no one,  nothing ,nobody; 例如:

Neither likes the friends of the other. 

两人都不喜欢对方的朋友。

Everything around us is matter. 

我们周围的所有东西都是物质。

4、当and连结的两个名词是指同一个人或同一件事,and后的名词前没有冠词,谓语动词应该用单数形式;在and后面的名词前有冠词,谓语就用复数形式。例如:

The bread and butter is served for breakfast. 早饭供应黄油面包。

The bread and the butter are on sale. 正在出售黄油和面包。

5、当one of, a portion of, a series of, a species of, a chain of 结构作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:

One of those students has passed the examination. 

这些学生只有一个考试及格了。

A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language laboratory use. 

为语音课提前准备了一系列录音磁带。

6、由one and a half + 复数名词或the majority of + 名词做主语时,谓语动词视名词的单复数形式而定。例如:

The majority of the damage is easy to repair. 

大部分的损坏品都容易修理。

One and a half students are reading English.

大部分学生在读英语。

7、plenty of, half of, a lot of, lots of, heaps of, loads of, scads of等 + 可数与不可数名词做主语时,不可数名词的谓语只用单数,可数名词的谓语视可数名词的单复数而定。例如:

There is plenty of water in the pail. 

桶里还有好多水。

There are plenty of eggs in the box. 

箱子里有好多鸡蛋。

8、由more than one (或more than one + 单数名词),many a + 单数名词做主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:

More than one student has passed the examination.

 ä¸æ­¢ä¸€ä¸ªå­¦ç”Ÿé€šè¿‡äº†è¿™æ¬¡è€ƒè¯•ã€‚

Many a boy learns to swim before he can read. 

许多孩子在认字前就学会了游泳。

9、如果名词词组中心词是“分数或百分数 + of + 名词”,谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单、复数形式。例如:

Over three-quarters of the land has been reclaimed. 

四分之三多的土地已经收回了。

Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan. 

到场的三分之二的人都反对这个计划。

10、定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式应与先行词一致。例如:

He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group.

被选出来代表该组的人他是其中之一。

“Keep cool” is the first of the rules that are to be remembered in an accident. 

“镇静”是事故发生时应当牢记的第一条原则。

二. 概念一致原则:

1、有些集合名词如crowd, family, team, group, government, committee, class, school, union, firm, staff, public等,它们做主语时,谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定。如果它们作为一个集体单位时,动词用单数形式,如就其中的各个成员来说,则谓语用复数形式。例如:

His family is going to move. 

他准备搬家。

His family are very well. 

他家人身体都好。

2、有些表示总体意义的名词,形式上是单数,而意义上却是复数,谓语动词要用复数形式,如people, police, militia, cattle, poultry等。例如:

The police are searching for a tall dark man with a beard. 

警察正在搜寻一位肤色黝黑、长胡子的高个子男人。

3、有些名词形式上是复数,而意义上却是单数。如news, means, works.还有许多以-ics结尾的学科名称,如economics, physics, mechanics, politics等,它们做主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:

Politics is a complicated business. 

政治学是一门复杂的东西。

Here is the news. 

下面播送新闻。

4、用and连接的单数主语,前面有each, every, many a, no等修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式。复数主语与each连用时,应不受each的影响,谓语动词仍用复数形式。例如:

Every boy and girl is treated in the same way. 

每个男孩、女孩都是以同样的方式对待的。

Many a boy and many a girl has seen it. 

很多姑娘小伙子都见过。

The old workers and the young each have their own tools. 

青老年工人都各自有自己的工具。

5、表示重量、度量、衡量、价值的复数名词做主语,谓语动词常用单数形式。例如:

Twenty miles is a long way to walk. 

二十里地可是个不近的路程。

Three pints isn’t enough to get me drunk.

三品脱还不至于把我灌醉。

6、the +形容词作主语时,如主语指的是一类人,谓语动词用复数形式;如果指的是单个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

The departed was a good friend of his. 

离开者是他的一位好友。

The old are playing Beijing Opera there.

老人们正在那表演京剧。

三. 就近原则:

相邻一致是指谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致.常出现在这类句子中的连词有:or, either… or …,neither… nor …,not only… but also …等.例如:

Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.

不是我,就是他们要对那件事的结局负责任.

Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress.既不是那些不友好的话,也不是那不友好的态度让我沮丧.

Not only he but also all his family are keen on concerts.

不仅仅是他,而且是他全家人都很热衷于音乐会.

Neither his family nor he knows anything about it.

他全家人和他都不知道那件事.

注意:谓语动词用复数:

1、复数主语,用and或both…and连接

2、形式上是单数,实际表示复数意思

谓语动词用单数

1. 单数主语、单个动词不定式、动名词短语以及句子做主语

2. 形式上是复数,实际上是单数neither, everything

3.  one of, a portion of, a series of, a species of, a chain of 结构作主语

温馨提示:答案为网友推荐,仅供参考
第1个回答  2021-12-06
所谓主谓一致就是谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致,主谓一致主要包括语法一致,意义一致和就近一致三大原则
考点一 语法一致原则
语法一致即单数主语需要用动词单数形式,复数主语需要用动词复数形式。
1. 由and或both…and…连接起来的合成主语后面,谓语动词用复数形式。
Eg:Tom and Tim are both pupils.
Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
2. 不定代词either,neither,each,one,the other,anybody,anything,someone,something,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Eg:Everyone is ready for the exam.
——Which would you like,tea or coffee?
——Either is OK.
3. 由each…and each…,every…and every…,no…and no…作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Eg:Each boy and each girl is given an apple.
No air and no water is on the moon.
4. 主语后接with,along with,together with,as well as,including,besides,except,but等短语时,谓语动词的数由主语的单复数形式决定。
Eg:The mother with her three sons is watching TV.
5. a number of+名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数,意为“许多的,大量的”。the number of+名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用单数,意为“……的数量”。
6. a lot of(lots of),plenty of,most of+名词,分数或百分数+名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由名词决定。如果名词为不可数或单数,则谓语动词用单数,如果名词是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数。
Eg:Lots of people have been there.
Plenty of water is needed in this area.
Two thirds of the earth is covered with water.
7. 由a pair(a kind…) +of+复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数;pairs(kinds…)+of+复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
Eg:The pair of shoes is expensive.
Twenty pairs of shoes are made every day by her.
8. 不定式或动名词或从句作主语,谓语动词用单数。
Eg:Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.
9. 只有复数形式的名词如clothes,trousers,shorts,pants,glasses作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
eg:My clothes are wore out.

考点二 意义一致原则
意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语是单数还是复数要看主语所表达的概念。
1. 由and连接的两个名词作主语时,如果是同一概念(and后面无冠词),谓语动词用单数。
Eg:The teacher and writer is going to give us a talk.(老师兼医生)
2. 金钱,时间,距离,重量作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Eg:Two months is a long time.
3. 集体名词如family,team,group,class等表示整体概念时,谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示集体中的成员,则谓语动词可以用复数形式。
Eg:His family is a big one.
His family are watching TV now.
4. people,police等集合名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Eg:The police are leaving for Pairs.
5. The+姓氏复数表示“一家人”或“夫妇二人”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Eg:The Greens are friendly to me.
6. the+adj.表示一类人,作主语时谓语动词用复数形式,如the poor,the rich,the young,the old。
Eg:The rich aren’t always happy.
7. 表学科的以s结尾的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数,如:politics,maths,physics等。
Eg:Physics is an important subject in middle school.
8. 形式上为复数的专有名词,如人名,书名,组织机构作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
注意:以s结尾的海峡,群岛,山脉等作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式。
Eg:The United States was founded after World War .
The Niagara Falls are perhaps the most famous waterfall in the world.
9. 由each修饰的名词作主语,谓语动词用单数,each位于复数主语后或句尾作同位语,谓语动词仍和主语一致。
Eg:Each of the students is clever.
They each have been to London.

考点三 就近原则
谓语动词与它相邻近的名词保持一致,这种原则就叫做就近原则。
1. 由either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also,not…but…或or连接两个并列主语时,其谓语动词与较近的主语保持一致。
Eg:Neither you nor I am wrong.
Not only Tom but also Mary is ready to help you.
2. There be…和Here be…这两个句式中的be常与最近的主语保持一致。
Eg:There is a teacher and four students in the classroom.本回答被网友采纳
第2个回答  2021-11-13

主谓一致语法总结:

1.and连接的两个名词作主语,表示不同的人或事,谓语动词用复数。

2. and连接的两个名词作主语,表示同一个人或同一件事,谓语动词用单数。

3.两个词习惯上被看作一个整体时,谓语动词用单数。常见的被视为一个整体的词语有:fork and knife刀叉;law and rule法规;bread and butter黄油面包;fish and chips炸鱼薯条;horse and cart马车;bacon and eggs咸肉加鸡蛋;needle and thread针线等。

4.当主语由no…and no…,each…and each ..., every…and every…等连接时,谓语动词用单数。

5.当主语由as well as, apart from, besides, in addition to, along with, together with, rather than, but, except, including等词语连接时,谓语动词的单复数与这些词语前的名词或代词保持一致。

6.当主语由or, either…or…,neither…nor…或not only…but also…,whether…or…和not…but…等连接时,谓语动词的单复数通常与临近的名词或代词保持一致。

7.集体名词police,media,cattle等作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。

8.某些集体名词,如:family, class, team, enemy, public, party, audience等,如果视为一个整体,表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数;如果着重于所包含的成员时,表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数。

9.“the +形容词”作主语,表示一类人时,如:the poor, the rich, the blind, the old, the young, the dead, the blind, the living, the dead, the injured, the wounded等,谓语动词用复数;表示抽象概念,如:the new, the true等,谓语动词用单数。

本回答被网友采纳
第3个回答  2021-11-24

主谓一致语法总结:
1、主语是单数形式,谓语也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语必须采取复数形式。
2、不定式,动名词,以及从句作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。
3、不定代词及each作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。
4、表示国家,机构,事件,作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。
5、a series of,a kind of,the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时看作单数,谓语动词用单数。
6、由some,several,both,few,many,a number of等词修饰主语,或是由它们自身作主语时应看作复数,谓语动词用复数。
7、由and连接两个主语时,如指同一人或物,谓语用单数;指不同的人或物,谓语用复数。
8、有些短语,如:a lot of,most of,any of,half of,three fifths of,eighty percent of,some of,none of,the rest of,all of等后接不可数名词,或是单数形式的名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数;但如果后接可数名词的复数形式作主语时应看作复数,谓语动词用复数。
9、主语为单数个不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句时,谓语动词一般用单数。
10、主语为三单,或习惯用作单数名词或不可数名词的词,如:money,information,clothing等,谓语动词用单数。

本回答被网友采纳
第4个回答  2021-11-27

主谓一致语法总结如下

and连接的2个名词作主语,表明不一样的人或事,谓语动词用复数。and连接的2个名词做主语,表明同一个人或同一件事,谓语动词用奇数。



两个词习惯性上被当作一个总体时,谓语动词用奇数。当主语由no … and no …, each … and each ..., every … and every … 等连接时,谓语动词用奇数。



当主语由as well as, apart from, besides, in addition to,等词句连接时,谓语动词的单复数与这种词句前的名词或介词保持一致。



当主语由or, either … or …, neither … nor …或not only … but also …等连接时,谓语动词的单复数一般与邻近的名词或介词保持一致。团体名词police,media,cattle等作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。