反义疑问句
It looks like rain, doesn’t it?
He doesn’t need to work so late, does he?
This is a dictionary, isn’t it?
Those are shelves, aren’t they?
There once was a man named Saint Nicholas, wasn’t there?
I am very interested in learning English, aren’t I?
4)陈述句的主语是动词不定式,动词的-ing形式或从句时,疑问部分的主语多用it来体现。如:
Taking care of our environment is very important, isn’t it?
What he said is right, isn’t it?
5)陈述句中含有not, no, hardly, neither, never, few, little, too …to等否定词或具有否定意义的词时,疑问部分常用肯定形式。如:
Few people knew the news, did they?
Tom has never been to England , has he?
She is unhappy, isn’t she?
No one knows him, do they?
Someone is waiting for you, isn’t he?
Nobody says a word about the accident, do they?
Everything seems all right, doesn’t it?
7)陈述句是主从复合句时,如果主句的谓语动词是think, believe, expect, feel, guess等词,且主语是第一人称I或we时,反意疑问部分的人称、时态与宾语从句保持一致,同时还要考虑到否定的转移(否定前移)。如:
I believe that the boy can get a ticket for you, can’t he?
I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?
若是第二第三人称的话,反义疑问句应该看主句:She thought it is meaningless,didn't she?
如果是转述的要注意:He said that you were in hospital,weren't you?(这里是对着那个you说的)
8)祈使句的反义疑问句中:let's 的要用shall we;let us 的要用will you;其他形式的都用will you。如:Go and get it for me, won't you?去帮我取个东西,好吗?
Let's meet at the airport, shall we ? 我们在机场碰头,行不行?
Have a little more wine, will you ? 喝点儿酒,好吗?
9)must的反义疑问句:陈述部分有must 的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。   
A.must表示“应该”,其疑问部分用mustn't(不应该),如:
You must work hard next term, mustn't you ? 下学期你应该努力学习,对吗?   
B.must表示“必须”,其疑问部分用needn't(不必),如:
They must finish the work today, needn’t they? 他们今天必须要完成这项工作,是吗?   
C.陈述部分含情态动词mustn't,表示禁止时,疑问部分就可以用must或may,如:
You mustn’t stop your car here, must you? (may we?)你不能把车停在这地方,知道吗?   
D.must表示推测 ,其疑问部分必须与must 后面的主要动词相呼应。如:  
①对现在动作或存在的情况的推测 :
You must know the answer to the exercise, don't you? 你一定知道这项练习的答案,是不是?   
That must be your bed, isn't it? 那一定是你的床,是吗?  
②对过去发生的动作或存在的情况的推测:句中陈述部分没有表示过去的时间状语,这时疑问部分中的动词就用现在完成时。(haven’t / hasn’t + 主语)   
You must have told her about it, haven’t you? 你一定把这事告诉她了,是吗?
10)have作为动词的反义疑问句:
①have to 的短语,且只充当一般动词的作用,助动词为do,does,和普通的一般疑问句没有任何差别,提问还是用do,does引导。
We have to finish it ,don't we?
②当用have,has做助动词的时候,疑问句才用它们引导,如:
She has seen it,hasn't she?这里的助动词就是has
③当陈述部分有had better,或其中的have表示完成时态时,疑问句应用hadn’t等开头:
You’d better get up early, hadn’t you?  
④其他情况句中有have时疑问句应用don't等开头;如have表示“有”的时候,有两种形式:do或 have  
He has two sisters,doesn't he? =He has two sisters,hasn't he?  
He doesn't have any sisters, does he?
⑤当must+have done表示对过去的情况进行推测(一般句中有明确的过去时间状语),问句要根据陈述部分谓语的情况用“didn't+主语”或“wasn't/weren't+主语”;
如果强调动作的完成(一般没有明确的过去时间状语),问句要用“haven't/hasn't+主语”。   
She must have read the novel last week,didn't she? 她上星期一定读了这本小说,是吗?   
You must have told her about it, haven't you?你一定把这事告诉她了,是吗?  
11)带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。
We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare you?
当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
12)感叹句中,疑问部分用be +主语。
What colours, aren't they?
What a smell, isn't it?
13)陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
14)陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may +主语。
I wish to have a word with you, may I?
15) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
16) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时,疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
17) 陈述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
18) 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
对反意疑问句的回答,无论问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构,反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时,回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。
例 ---He likes playing football, doesn’t he? 他喜欢踢足球,是吗?
---Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. 是的。/ 不是。
---His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有参加会议,是吗?
---Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. 不,她参加了。/ 是的,她没参加。
反意疑问句的练习
1. You’d rather watch TV this evening, ______?
a. isn’t it b. hadn’t you c. wouldn’t you d. won’t you
2. I suppose you’re not going today, ______?
a. are you b. do you c. don’t you d. aren’t you
3. I wish to shake hands with you, ______?
a. shall b. may I c. do I d. will I
4. Three hours ought to be enough time, ______?
a. oughtn’t three hours b. didn’t they c. shouldn’t it d. shouldn’t three hours
5. They have to study a lot, ______?
a. don’t they b. haven’t they c. did they d. hadn’t they
6. When the car crashed, your brother escaped being hurt, ______ ?
a. didn’t he b. did he c. did it d. didn’t it
7. I'm sure dirty, ______?
a. am I b. isn’t I c. aren’t I d. am not I
8. You seem to be dissatisfied with your present post. I don’t think you judged your ability objectively when you applied for it, ______ you?
a. do b. did c. don’t d. didn’t
9. That’s the sort of the book you want, ______?
a. is it d. isn’t that c. is that d. isn’t it
10. All these dictionaries are a great help to you, ______?
a. are they b. aren’t they
c. are all these dictionaries d. aren’t all these dictionaries
反意疑问句的用法
核心提示:反意疑问句又称附加疑问句,是疑问句的一种,是初中英语语法的重要知识点之一,通过本文提供的大量例句及反意疑问句特殊用法总结,您将对反意疑问句的基本构成以及结构用法有更进一步的了解。
一.反意疑问句的定义
反意疑问句(The Disjunctive Questions )是疑问句的一种,它对陈述部分的事实提出相反的疑问,形式上是个省略句,附在陈述部分之后,并用逗号与陈述部分隔开(主语一般用相应的代词;有时这种问句并没有反意疑问句的意味,而是提出一个事实上听话人承认的问题。所以,人们统称为附加疑问句(Tag Questions )。
附加疑问句主要是由“陈述句 + 附加疑问”构成,附加疑问部分的动词一般要与陈述部分的动词相对应,附加疑问部分的主语要与陈述部分的主语相对应,如果陈述部分的主语是名词词组,则附加疑问部分用相应的代词表示。
二.附加疑问句的类型
附加疑问句的类型为:陈述句 + 反意附加疑问。该类型又可以分为以下两种情况阐述:
① 当陈述句为肯定式时,附加疑问句用否定形式,即肯定的陈述句+否定的附加疑问句。
例句:
It's very hot today, isn't it ? Yes, it is . 今天天气很热,是不是? 是的,很热。
That clock is slow ,isn't it? Yes, it is. 这钟是缓慢的,不是吗?是的,它是。
You want to get your TV set back , don't you ? Yes , I do.
你想您的电视机回来,不是吗?是的,我是这样想的。
② 当陈述句用否定式时,附加疑问句用肯定形式,即否定的陈述句+肯定的附加疑问句。
例句:
It isn't very hot today, is it ? 今天不是很热,是吗?
That clock isn't slow ,is it ? 这钟不是缓慢的, 是吗?
注意这一类型的附加疑问句的回答,不管问题的提法如何,若事实是肯定的,就要用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no,这与汉语不一样,应特别注意。
例句:
She isn't a teacher , is she? 她不是教师,是吗?
Yes , she is. 不,她是。
No, she isn't .是的 , 她不是。
三.附加疑问句的构成
1.当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone ,someone, no one, nobody, somebody 等指人的合成词时,附加疑问部分的主语在正式语体中通常用he,在非正式文体中则往往用they。
例句
Nobody likes to lose money , does he? 没有人愿意赔钱,那么他呢?
Everyone enjoyed the party, didn't they /he ? 每个人都很喜欢这个舞会,他们不是吗?
2.当陈述部分的主语是everything ,anything, something, nothing 等指物的合成词时,附加疑问部分的主语只能用 it。
例句
Nothing is difficult , is it ? 没什么难的事情,不是吗?
Everything seems all right , doesn't it ? 所有的事情都好了,不是吗?
3.当陈述部分是there 引起的句时,附加疑问部分的主语也用there。
例句
There is a boat on the river, isn't there? 河上有一只船, 不是吗?
There stands a house and a lot of trees , doesn't there? 那有一座房子还有一些树,不是吗?
4.当陈述部分含有seldom , hardly, scarely, no, not,never, rarely,few, little, nothing, nobody , nowhere 等否定词或半否定词,附加疑问部分采用肯定形式。
例句
Nobody phoned while I was out ,did they ? 当我在外面的时候没有人来电话,是吗?
Few people know him ,do they ? 几乎没有人认识他,是吗?
He has never been to Beijing ,has he? 他从来没有去过北京,是吗?
5.当陈述部分含有un- ,in- ,im-, il-, ir-, dis-等否定前缀或less等否定后缀构成的派生词时,附加疑问则用否定形式。
例句
It's unfair, isn't it ? 那不公平,不是吗?
She dislikes it , doesn't she? 她不喜欢它,不是吗?
6.当陈述部分含有no one , nobody , none ,nothing ,neither等作动词的宾语时,附加疑问部分采用肯定形式。
例句
He has nothing to say ,does(n't) he? 他没什么可说的,是吗?
You got nothing from him, did(n't) you? 你从他那什么都没得到,是吗?
四.18种特殊的反意疑问句语法总结
1. 祈使句:祈使句后一般加上will you 或won't you 构成反意疑问句,用will you 多表示“请求”,用won't you多表示提醒对方注意。
2. 感叹句:感叹句后加反意疑问句时,其反意疑问句需用be 的一般现在时态的否定形式。
3. 当陈述部分谓语动词是need , dare, used to 且这些词被用作实义动词时,其反意疑问句需用do 的适当形式。
4. 陈述部分主、谓语是I am … 时,反意疑问句用aren’t I 或ain’t I, 而不是am not I (可用am I not )。
5. 陈述部分的主语是everything ,nothing,anything 或something时,反意疑问句的主语应用代词it 。
6. 陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone ,nobody, no one, none, neither时,其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词they 。
7. 陈述部分的主语是指示代词this 或that 时,反意疑问句的主语用it , 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these 或those时,其反意疑问句的主语用they 。
8. 陈述部分的主语是不定代词one 时,反意疑问句的主语可以用one,也可以用you (美式英语用he )。
9. 当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词时:few, little, seldom, hardly, never, not , no, no one , nobody ,nothing ,none, nether等,其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。
10. 当陈述部分所含的否定词是通过加前缀或后缀构成的,其后的反意疑问句依然有否定结构。
11. 含有否定含意的词在陈述部分做动词的宾语时,其反意疑问句用肯定结构,也可用否定结构。
12. 当陈述部分主语是从句、不定式(短语)、动词-ing 形式时,反意疑问句的主语应该用it。
13. 当陈述部分含I think (believe ,suppose…)that…结构时,其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致,注意主句的主语必须是第一人称。
14. have(has) 不是表示“有”的意思,并在句中做谓语时,其反意疑问句的助动词要用do, does, did。
15. 陈述部分有have to 时,其反意疑问句要用助动词的否定形式。
16. 陈述部分是there be 句型时,其反意疑问句中要用there .
17. 陈述部分有had better 时,其反意疑问句要用hadn’t.
18. 当陈述部分含有情态动词must时,我们最好分析一下must的含义。如果must作“一定;要;必须”讲,反意疑问句须用mustn’t或needn’t;而当must作推测意义“一定是;必定”讲时,反意疑问句则需根据must后的动词原形选相应的形式。
温馨提示:答案为网友推荐,仅供参考