第1个回答 2009-12-13
仔细看看我下面给出的内容，你就会看到你需要的：
The Attributive Clause ( I )
1. Definition （定义）
定语从句: 在复合句中,修饰某个名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的词称为先行词(antecedent )．
连接定语从句和先行词的词称为关系词。
2. 关系词：
关系代词(relative pronoun):
who,that ,which, whom,whose 作主语／宾语 / 定语
关系副词(relative adverb): when, where ,why 作状语
3. 关系词的作用
1）连接作用
2）替代作用
3）成分作用
Madame Curie is unforgettable because she is the first female who /that won the Nobel Prize.
4.关系词的选用
关系词的选用是依据先行词在定语从句中的所充当的成分来确定的。
Madame Curie is unforgettable because she is the first female who /that won the Nobel Prize.
Madame Curie is unforgettable because she is a scientist whose discoveries are very important
Madame Curie is unforgettable because she is a scientist whom/that we can learn much from.
Things / places
The Internet is unforgettable because it is a thing that/which has greatly changed our way of life.
The Internet is unforgettable because it is a necessity which /that modern life can’t go without.
The Internet is unforgettable because it is a thing whose functions (功能)are powerful.
5. 在下列情况关系代词只能用that而不用which。
先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, none, little,few, much等不定代词时。
eg. You must do everything that I do.
2) 先行词被all, every, no, any, little, much, some, just等修饰时。
eg. Is there any question that troubles you much ?
3) 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级以及the only, the very, the last等修饰时。
eg. James is the best singer that I have ever known.
4) 当先行词是人和物构成的词组时。
eg. They were talking about the people and places
( that ) they had visited.
5) 当句中有who 或which 时,为避免重复。
eg. Which is the book ( that ) he borrowed from the library ?
eg. Who is the person that is talking to our headmaster?
6). 关系代词在从句中作表语时;
eg.My hometown is no longer the village that it used to be.
由关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词在定语从句中相当于一个介词词组，通常在定语从句中是充当状语的，表示地点、时间或原因状语。
1. Where： 当先行词是表示地点的名词，且从句中缺少地点状语，此时使用where。
The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean. in the hotel in which
2. When: 当先行词是表示时间的名词，且从句中缺少时间状语，此时用when。
Do you remember the day when we met? on the day on which Morning is the best time when we practise reading
English aloud. in the morning in which
3.Why: 当先行词是reason，且从句中缺少原因状语，
此时用why 做关系词。
Can you tell me the reason why the little boy cried？for the reason for which
where/when/why= prep.+which
4.在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语句中, 介词在定语句中的位置一般有两种：1). 一些介词既可以放在关系代词的前面，也可以放在从句中。如：
I paid 2 dallors for the pen.
The pen which I paid 2 dollars for was lost.
= The pen for which I paid 2 dollars was lost.
The lady whom he was dancing with stepped on his foot.
= The lady with whom he was dancing stepped on his foot.
2). 在含有介词的动词短语中，介词一般不提前，如：
This is the very boy whom I have been looking for.
The old lady who needs to be taken care of has no children.
直接放在介词后面，不用that 。
先行词指人时介词后用whom, 指物用which。
5. 在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语句中，介词的选择一般采取以下几种方式：
1).根据先行词选择介词，如：
I still remember the day on which she first wore that pink dress
The pencil with which I wrote my homework was broken.
(句中介词with是根据先行词pencil来的。
with the pencil表示“用铅笔写”， 是固定搭配。)
2).根据从句中动词选择介词，如：
The girl about whom I talked with you yesterday will come to our school soon.
(句中介词about是根据词组talk about 来的。)
The hotel at which you stayed last year is being rebuilt now.
(stay at some places)
3).根据句意选择介词，如：
The brave man by whom the tiger was shot is a good hunter.
The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through which he could see what
定语从句的分类：
限制性定语从句和非限制性的定语从句
限制性定语从句不用逗号与主句分开，对所修饰的词起特指或限定的作用，去掉后意思不完整或不太清楚。翻译成中文时，一般把定语从句翻译在先行词之前。
引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which, of which和关系副词when, where, why等。
eg. This is the man who helped me.
I was the only person in our office that was invite to the palace ball.
非限制性的定语从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，只对被修饰的词语或主句起补充说明的作用，去掉后对句意影响不大。翻译时通常把定语从句翻译在先行词后边，作为附加说明。
引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who,whom, whose, which, as和关系副词when, where，一般不用that 引导。
eg. I have two sisters, who are both doctors.
Last Sunday they reached Shanghai, where a meeting was holding.
定语从句的考查热点
1.间隔式定语从句
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句先
行词之间有时会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定
语从句的隔离。
eg. This is the article written by him that I spoke to you about.
He was the only person in this country that was invited.
(1). 因定语从句过长，为使句子保持平衡，通常定语从句和其所修饰的名词或代词分开。
eg. The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that faraway villiage.
(2). 在定语从句中使用“插入语”以增加句子的灵活性。
eg. Kate was always speaking highly of her role in the play, which, of course, made the others unhappy.
The pen I thought I had lost is on my desk, right under my nose.
2.定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致。
当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中做主语时，定
语从句的谓语动词的数的形式应与先行词保持一致。
eg. I, who am your classmate, will try my best to help you.
He, who is your classmate, will try his best to help you.
注意句式：
one of + 复数名词+关系代词+复数动词
the (only/very) one of +复数名词+关系代词+单数动词
He is one of the students who have made great progress.
Tom is the only one of my friends who has been abroad.
Where引导的地点状语从句 与定语从句的区别:
1.Where there is a river, there is a city.= In the place where there is a river, there is a city.
2. You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again.
= You should make it a rule to leave things in the place where you can find them again.
3. Go (to the place) where you like to go.
当where 引导的地点状语从时, 可换成含有定语从句
where 引导的从句 ,等于 in /to/ at the place where