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1)The moon moves round the earth..
2)Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day.
(2)å¨ç±afterï¼untilï¼beforeï¼onceï¼whenï¼even ifï¼in caseï¼as long asï¼as soon asï¼the moment以åifï¼unlessçå¼å¯¼çæ¶é´ç¶è¯ä»å¥ææ¡ä»¶ç¶è¯ä»å¥ä¸ï¼é常ç¨ä¸è¬ç°å¨æ¶ä»£æ¿å°æ¥æ¶ãä¾å¦ï¼
1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.
2)I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow.
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1)The plane leaves at three sharp.
2)The new teachers arrive tomorrow.
(4)å¨ç±whyï¼whatï¼whereï¼whoeverï¼whoï¼thatï¼asçå¼å¯¼çä»å¥ä¸ï¼ä¹å¸¸ç¨ä¸è¬ç°å¨æ¶ä»£æ¿å°æ¥æ¶ãä¾å¦ï¼
1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first.
2)Youâll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow.
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We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film.
(2)表示è¿å»ä¹ æ¯æ§å¨ä½ãä¾å¦ï¼
1)He always went to class last.
2)I used to do my homework in the library.
(注æä¸be used to doingçè¯çåºå«)
3.ä¸è¬å°æ¥æ¶
1)表示å°æ¥æç®è¿è¡ææå¾
åççå¨ä½æç¶æãä¾å¦ï¼
I shall graduate next year.
2)å ç§æ¿ä»£å½¢å¼ï¼
1)be going to +vå¨å£è¯ä¸å¹¿æ³ä½¿ç¨ï¼è¡¨ç¤ºåå¤åæå°åççäºæ
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Iâm going to buy a house when weâve saved enough money.
2)be to +v表示计åå®æè¦åçäºï¼å
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I am to play tennis this afternoon.
3)be about to +v表示å³å°åççäºæ
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He was about to start.
4)be due to +v表示é¢å
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The train is due to depart in ten minutes.
5)be on the point/verge of +v â ing强è°å³å°åççæç§äºæãä¾å¦ï¼
The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home.
äºãè¿è¡æ¶æ
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(1)表示ç°å¨æ£å¨è¿è¡çå¨ä½ï¼å¸¸ä¸nowï¼right nowï¼at the motherï¼for the time beingï¼for the presentçè¿ç¨ãä¾å¦ï¼
Donât disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now.
(2)表示ç°é¶æ®µç»å¸¸åççå¨ä½ï¼å¸¸ä¸alwaysï¼continuallyï¼foreverï¼constantlyçè¿ç¨ãä¾å¦ï¼
My father is forever criticizing me.
(3)è¡¨ç¤ºæ ¹æ®è®¡åæå®æå¨æè¿è¦è¿è¡çäºæ
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éäºè¿æ¸¡æ§å¨è¯ãå³è¡¨ç¤ºä»ä¸ä¸ªç¶ææä½ç½®è½¬ç§»å°å¦ä¸ä¸ªç¶ææä½ç½®ä¸å»çå¨è¯ã常ç¨çæï¼goï¼comeï¼leaveï¼startï¼arriveï¼returnçãä¾å¦ï¼
They are leaving for Hong Kong next month.
(4)æäºå¨è¯ä¸è½ç¨è¿è¡æ¶ï¼è¿æ¯ä¸ç±»è¡¨ç¤ºâæè§ï¼ææ
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1)Tom looks pale. Whatâs wrong with him?
(lookå¨æ¤ä¸ºèç³»å¨è¯ï¼æ为âæ¾å¾ï¼çä¸å»â)
2)Tom is looking for his books.
(lookå¨æ¤ä¸ºå®ä¹å¨è¯ï¼æ为â寻æ¾â)
2.è¿å»è¿è¡æ¶
è¿å»è¿è¡æ¶è¡¨ç¤ºä¸ä¸ªè¿å»çå¨ä½åçæ¶æåçåï¼å¦ä¸ä¸ªè¿å»çå¨ä½æ£å¨è¿è¡ï¼æ表示è¿å»åå¤çä¹ æ¯ï¼å¸¸ä¸alwaysï¼continuallyï¼constantlyçå¨è¯è¿ç¨ãä¾å¦ï¼
1)We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered.
2)Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk.
3.å°æ¥è¿è¡æ¶
å°æ¥è¿è¡æ¶ä¸»è¦è¡¨ç¤ºå°æ¥æä¸æ¶å»æ£å¨è¿è¡çå¨ä½ï¼æ表示è¦å¨å°æ¥æä¸æ¶å»å¼å§ï¼å¹¶ç»§ç»ä¸å»çå¨ä½ã常ç¨æ¥è¡¨ç¤ºç¤¼è²ç询é®ã请æ±çãä¾å¦ï¼
1)This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.
2)What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening?
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1)I have just finished my homework.
2)Mary has been ill for three days.
(2)常ä¸ç°å¨å®ææ¶è¿ç¨çæ¶é´ç¶è¯æï¼since, for, during, overçå¼å¯¼åºççè¯ï¼å¯è¯already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recentlyçï¼ç¶è¯è¯ç»this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the presentçãä¾å¦ï¼
1)I havenât been there for five years.
2)So far, she hasnât enjoyed the summer vacation.
3)There have been a lot of changes since 1978.
(3)å®ææ¶æå¯ç¨å¨ä¸åç»æä¸ï¼
This (That, It) is (was) the first (secondâ¦) time +å®è¯ä»å¥ï¼This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +å®è¯ä»å¥ï¼This (That, It) is (was) +形容è¯æé«çº§+ n +å®è¯ä»å¥ãå¦æ主å¥çè°è¯å¨è¯æ¯ä¸è¬ç°å¨æ¶ï¼ä»å¥çè°è¯å¨è¯é常ç¨ç°å¨å®ææ¶ï¼å¦æ主å¥è°è¯å¨è¯æ¯ä¸è¬è¿å»æ¶ï¼ä»å¥è°è¯å¨è¯é常ç¨è¿å»å®ææ¶ãä¾å¦ï¼
(1)This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting.
(2)There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.
2.è¿å»å®ææ¶
(1)表示è¿å»ææ¶é´åå·²ç»åççå¨ä½ææ
åµï¼è¿ä¸ªè¿å»çæ¶é´å¯ä»¥ç¨byï¼beforeçä»è¯çè¯æä¸ä¸ªæ¶é´ç¶è¯ä»å¥æ¥è¡¨ç¤ºï¼æè
表示ä¸ä¸ªå¨ä½å¨å¦ä¸ä¸ªè¿å»å¨ä½ä¹åå·²ç»å®æãä¾å¦ï¼
1)We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.
2)By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles.
(2)å¨è¯expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desireçç¨è¿å»å®ææ¶ï¼è¡¨ç¤ºè¿å»çå¸æãé¢æãæå¾ææ¿æç没æå®ç°ãä¾å¦ï¼
I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasnât able to get away.
å¦å¤ä¸¤ç§è¡¨ç¤ºâè¿å»æ³åèæªåçäºâç表达æ¹å¼æ¯ï¼
1)was / were + to have done sth,ä¾å¦ï¼
We were to have come yesterday, but we couldnât.
2)intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth,ä¾å¦ï¼
I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.
(3)è¿å»å®ææ¶å¸¸ç¨äºä»¥ä¸åºå®å¥åï¼
1)hardly, scarcely, barely + è¿å»å®ææ¶+ when + è¿å»æ¶ãä¾å¦ï¼
Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move.
2)no sooner +è¿å»å®ææ¶+ than +è¿å»æ¶ãä¾å¦ï¼
No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.
3)by (the end of ) +è¿å»æ¶é´ï¼ä¸»å¥ä¸è°è¯å¨è¯ç¨è¿å»å®ææ¶ãä¾å¦ï¼
The experiment had been finished by 4 oâclock yesterday afternoon.
3.å°æ¥å®ææ¶
å°æ¥å®ææ¶è¡¨ç¤ºå¨å°æ¥æä¸æ¶å»å°å®ææå¨å¦ä¸ä¸ªæªæ¥çå¨ä½åçä¹åå·²ç»å®æçå¨ä½ï¼ä¹å¯ä»¥ç¨æ¥è¡¨ç¤ºä¸ç§çæµã常ä¸å°æ¥å®ææ¶è¿ç¨çæ¶é´ç¶è¯æï¼by (the time / the end of ) +表示å°æ¥æ¶é´ççè¯åå¥åï¼before (the end of ) +表示å°æ¥æ¶é´çè¯è¯æå¥åï¼when, afterçå ä¸è¡¨ç¤ºå°æ¥å¨ä½çå¥åçãä¾å¦ï¼
1)By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai.
2)I shall have finished this composition before 9 oâclock.
3)When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left.
4.å®æè¿è¡æ¶
å®æè¿è¡æ¶æ¯å®ææ¶ç强è°å½¢å¼ï¼æç°å¨å®æè¿è¡æ¶ï¼è¿å»å®æè¿è¡æ¶ï¼å°æ¥å®æè¿è¡æ¶ã
(1)ç°å¨å®æè¿è¡æ¶è¡¨ç¤ºè¿å»æä¸æ¶å»ä¹åå¼å§çå¨ä½æç¶æä¸ç´å»¶ç»å°è¿å»æä¸æ¶å»ãä¾å¦ï¼
I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still havenât found it.
(2)è¿å»å®æè¿è¡æ¶è¡¨ç¤ºè¿å»æä¸æ¶å»ä¹åå¼å§çå¨ä½æç¶æä¸ç´å»¶ç»å°è¿å»æä¸æ¶å»ãä¾å¦ï¼
It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places.
(3)å°æ¥å®æè¿è¡æ¶è¡¨ç¤ºå¨å°æ¥æä¸æ¶å»ä¹åå¼å§çä¸ä¸ªå¨ä½æç¶æä¸ç´å»¶ç»å°å°æ¥æä¸æ¶å»ãä¾å¦ï¼
By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours.
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容ãé常åºç±ä¸»å¥è°è¯çæ¶æå³å®ä»å¥çè°è¯æ¶æãä¸è¬ååæ¯ï¼
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He says that he lives in Wuhan.
We hope that there will be many people at your party today.
âDid you hear that Bill finally sold the house?â âYes, but I donât know who bought it.â
âThereâs a lot of excitement on the street.â
âThere certainly is. Do you suppose the astronauts have returned?â
2ãå½ä¸»å¥è°è¯ä½¿ç¨è¿å»æ¶çæ¶åï¼ä»å¥çè°è¯å¿
须使ç¨è¿å»èå´çæ¶æ
He said he was writing a novel.
The teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment.
He said his father had been an engineer.
3ãå½ä»å¥æ¯è¡¨ç¤ºæ²¡ææ¶é´æ¦å¿µçççæ¶ï¼ä»å¥çè°è¯åºä½¿ç¨ä¸è¬ç°å¨æ¶ãä¾å¦ï¼
The teacher told them since light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go before thunder.
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We insisted that we do it ourselves.
å¨è¯çè¯æ
è¯æä¹æ¯å¨è¯çä¸ç§å½¢å¼ï¼è±è¯æ两ç§è¯æï¼ä¸»å¨è¯æå被å¨è¯æã主å¨è¯æ表示主è¯æ¯å¨ä½çæ§è¡è
ï¼è被å¨è¯æ表示主è¯æ¯å¨ä½çæ¿åè
ã
1)We use electricity to run machines. (主å¨è¯æ)
2)Electricity is used to run machines. (被å¨è¯æ)
1.ä¸è½ç¨äºè¢«å¨è¯æçå¨è¯åçè¯
(1)å¨è±è¯ä¸ï¼ä¸åç©å¨è¯ä¸è½ç¨äºè¢«å¨è¯æï¼ä½æäºä¸åç©å¨è¯(å
æ¬çè¯)容æå¼èµ·è¯¯ç¨ãå¦ï¼appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist ofã
(2)æäºè¡¨ç¤ºç¶ææç¹å¾çåç©å¨è¯ï¼å¦ï¼become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suitä¹æ²¡æ被å¨è¯æã
2.被å¨è¯æçæ¶æå½¢å¼
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表1
æ¶?SPAN lang=EN-US> ä¸è¬æ¶ è¿è¡æ¶ å®ææ¶
ç°å¨ am asked am being asked
is asked is being asked
are asked are being asked
è¿å»
was be asked was being asked
were be asked were being asked
å°æ¥ shall be asked shall have been asked
will be asked will have been asked
è¿å» should be asked should have been asked
å°æ¥ would be asked would have been asked
3.çè¯å¨è¯ç被å¨è¯æ
çè¯å¨è¯è½¬æ¢ä¸ºè¢«å¨è¯ææ¶ï¼é常被çä½æ¯ä¸ä¸ªå¨è¯ï¼åé¢çä»è¯æå¯è¯ä¸è½æå¼æçç¥ãä¾å¦ï¼
1)So far no correct conclusion has arrived at.
2)All the rubbish should be got rid of.
4.âget + -edåè¯âç被å¨è¯æ
âget + -edåè¯âç»æ强è°å¨ä½çç»æï¼èéå¨ä½æ¬èº«ï¼å¸¸ç¨æ¥è¡¨ç¤ºçªåæ§çï¼åºä¹ææçå¶ç¶äºä»¶ãä¾å¦ï¼
The boy got hurt on his way home from work.
å¦å¤ï¼âget + -edåè¯âè¿å¯ç¨äºè°è®ºä¸ºèªå·±åçäºï¼æ¯ä¸»å¨çè¡ä¸ºèä¸æ¯è¢«å¨çè¡ä¸ºãä¾å¦ï¼
get dressed(ç©¿è¡£æ) get divorced(离å©)
get engaged(订å©) get confused(è¿·æä¸è§£)
get lost(è¿·è·¯) get washed(æ´è¸)
get married(ç»å©)
5.è½å¸¦ä¸¤ä¸ªå®¾è¯åå¤å宾è¯çå¨è¯æ¹ä¸ºè¢«å¨è¯æ
(1)è½å¸¦ä¸¤ä¸ªå®¾è¯çå¨è¯æ¹ä¸ºè¢«å¨è¯ææ¶ï¼ä¸æ¬¡åªè½ç±ä¸ä¸ªå®¾è¯ä½ä¸»è¯ï¼å¦ä¸ä¸ªå®¾è¯è¢«ä¿çä¸æ¥ãä¾å¦ï¼
1)We showed the visitors our new products.(主å¨è¯æ)
2)The visitors were shown our new products.(被å¨è¯æ)
3)Our new products were shown to the visitors.(被å¨è¯æ)
(2)è½å¸¦å¤å宾è¯çå¨è¯æ¹ä¸ºè¢«å¨è¯ææ¶ï¼åæ¥ç宾è¯è¡¥è¶³è¯å为主è¯è¡¥è¶³è¯ãä¾å¦ï¼
1)The teacher appointed him League secretary.(主å¨è¯æ)
2)He was appointed League secretary.(被å¨è¯æ)
6.被å¨è¯æä¸ç³»è¡¨ç»æçåºå«
(1)The novel was well written.(系表ç»æ)
(2)The novel was written by Diskens.(被å¨è¯æ)
7.å°æ°å¨è¯ç主å¨è¯æææ¶æ被å¨çææ
ä¾1ï¼The book is selling remarkably well.
ä¾2ï¼The song sounds very beautiful.
è½è¿æ ·ç¨çå¨è¯è¿æread(读起æ¥)ï¼clean(æ¦èµ·æ¥)ï¼wash(æ´èµ·æ¥)ï¼write(åèµ·æ¥)ã
ä¾3ï¼My watch needs cleaning. (= My watch needs to be cleaned).
è½åneedè¿æ ·ç¨çå¨è¯è¿æï¼want, require, deserve, do, owe, bindçã
ä¾4ï¼The meat is cooking.
ä¾5ï¼The book written by the professor is printing.