An Introduction to Tangshan
Tangshan (Chinese: 唐山; pinyin: Tángshān shì) is a mainly industrial prefecture-level city in Hebei province, People's Republic of China. It became known after the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, 7.5 on the Richter scale which flattened the city. The city has since been rebuilt and has become a tourist attraction.
Tangshan is located in the central section of circum-Bohai Sea Gulf region, facing the Bohai Sea in the south, depends on Yanshan mountains in the north, border Luanhe with Qinhuangdao city in the east, the west adjoin with Beijing, Tianjin. It is a throat strategic area and corridor linking two major regions of North China and Northeast China.
Tangshan is part of North China Plain, with Yanshan Mountains lying its north. The greatest river in Tangshan is Luanhe, which ranks No.2 in North China.
[edit] Administration
The prefecture-level city of Tangshan administers 16 county-level divisions including 6 districts, 6 counties, 2 county-level cities and 2 county-level farms.
Districts
Lunan District (路南区)
Lubei District (路北区)
Fengrun District (丰润区)
Fengnan District (丰南区)
Kaiping District (开平区)
Guye District (古冶区)
Counties
Tanghai County (唐海县)
Luannan County (滦南县)
Luan County (滦县)
Laoting County (乐亭县)
Qianxi County (迁西县)
Yutian County (玉田县)
County-level Cities
Zunhua (遵化市)
Qian'an (迁安市)
County-level Farms
Lutai Farm (芦台农场)
Hangu Farm (汉沽农场)
[edit] History
Tangshan city has a history of over one hundred years. Its name derives from Dachengshan Mountain in the urban city.
Tangshan suffered an earthquake of moment magnitude 8.2 (7.8 from official report) at 3:42 a.m. on July 28, 1976, the Tangshan earthquake, which resulted in a tragically colossal number of casualties. The official death toll was 255,000, but many experts believe that the actual number of fatalities was two to three times that number, making it the most destructive earthquake in modern history. As a result of the earthquake, most of the town had to be rebuilt.
Tangshan: Seaport
Tangshan: South Lake Park
Tangshan: City View
[edit] Economy and Industry
Tangshan is an important heavy industry city in North China. Its manufactures include machinery, motor vehicles, chemicals, textiles, glass, petroleum products, and cement. It is a coal-mining center since late Qing Dynasty, as Cantonese merchant Tong King-sing opened the first coal mine using modern techniques in Kaiping in 1877.[1] . With the construction of Caofeidian Project, it launches large iron and steel plants, chemical projects, and electricity works. Tangshan is also called "the capital of porcelain in north China".
Historically, the Chinese modern industry started in this city. The first railway in China was built from Xugezhuang(胥各庄) to Tangshan in 1877 and the first fire-resistant material manufactory, and the first and largest cement manufactory were constructed in Tangshan as well.
In 2008, the GDP of Tangshan was ¥356.119 billion, ranked No.1 in all the prefecture-level cities in Hebei Province, and No.19 in China. GDP per capita reached ¥48,190 ($6,817).
[edit] Industrial zone
Caofeidian New Area
[edit] Traditional Arts
Ping Opera (Pingju 评剧)
Tangshan Shadow Play (Tangshan Piying 唐山皮影)
Laoting Drums (Leting Dagu 乐亭大鼓)
[edit] Education
Tangshan No.1 high middle school (founded in 1902), one of the most famous high schools in China
[edit] Sights
Eastern Tombs of the Qing Dynasty
Jingzhong Mountain, a religious shrine for the believers of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism
The Anti-seismic Monument, landmark of Tangshan, located in The Anti-seismic Square
[edit] Notable People
Li Dazhao early founder of Communist Party of China
Jiang Wen a contemporary director and actor
Cao Xueqin author of Dream of the Red Chamber
[edit] Twin towns
Sakata, Japan
Żyrardów, Poland
Malmö, Sweden
Lincoln, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom
Cedar Rapids, USA
唐山在商周时代属北方侯国孤竹国的地域,孤竹国伯夷、叔齐的故事流传至今。
战国时唐山为燕国辖地,秦汉到南北朝时为右北平郡、辽西郡属地,隷幽州。隋朝时今唐山地区东部属北平郡,唐朝时这里是进取辽东远征高句丽的前哨。之后辽朝统治唐山近210年,之后为金朝属地。明代唐山冶铁、采煤,并成了陶瓷业的中心地。
1876年清朝政府在开平镇建矿采煤,设乔屯镇。1899年乔屯镇因镇北有唐山(今大城山)而命名为唐山镇,隶属滦州。1938年设唐山市。1948年12月唐山被解放军占领。1960年地市合并改为省辖市。
1976年7月28日,唐山发生了一场大地震(参见唐山大地震),据官方报导强度达芮氏地震规模7.8级(实测达8.2级以上),造成二十四万多人死亡,全市建筑无一完整。事后唐山得到重建,多幢抗震建筑物纷纷落成,已建成33个居民小区,市区面积不断扩大。
[编辑] 经济
唐山是中国新兴工业的摇篮,1877年在唐山修建了中国第一条铁路唐胥铁路(唐山至胥各庄的铁路),第一个现代化煤矿开滦煤矿,第一座耐火材料厂,第一座也是20世纪中国最大的水泥厂。唐山是中国北方瓷都,也是目前中国卫生瓷和工业瓷最大的生产基地。开滦煤矿是焦煤产量最大的煤矿。
2006年唐山GDP完成2362亿元。
[编辑] 行政区划
现辖6市辖区,2县级市,6县及两个国有农场,总面积共有13472平方公里,人口703万。
市辖区:(市区面积3874平方公里,人口293万)
路南
路北
丰润
丰南
开平
古冶
县级市:
遵化
迁安
县:
唐海
滦南
滦县
乐亭
迁西
玉田
农场:
芦台农场
汉沽农场
[编辑] 特产
饮食
万里香烧鸡
棋子烧饼
蜂蜜麻糖
花生酥糖
大格摺
小格摺
工业品
骨质瓷
水泥
矿产
煤
铁矿石
[编辑] 旅游景点
清东陵(遵化)
大钊故居
[编辑] 教育
1896年创建於山海关并於1905年迁至唐山的山海关北洋铁路官学堂,是中国创办最早的高等学府之一,也是中国土木工程和交通工程高等教育的策源地。曾先后定名为唐山交通大学、中国交通大学唐山工学院等。1952年,全国院系调整后,更名为唐山铁道学院。学院本部於1972年迁至四川峨嵋并改名为西南交通大学。2004年启用的西南交大犀浦校区的主校门系按原唐山交通大学校门仿制,并由唐山市政府出资建成。该校门正面书有「交通大学」四字,背面则书有「唐山路矿学堂」等字。
现有高等院校:
河北理工大学
华北煤炭医学院
唐山师范学院
唐山学院
中学教育
唐山市第一中学
[编辑] 出生於唐山的著名人士
李大钊
张广厚
成兆才
姜文
唐山市是河北省下辖的沿海重工业地级市,具有百多年历史。唐山市地处环渤海湾中心地带,南临渤海,北依燕山,东与秦皇岛市接壤,西与天津市毗邻,是京哈铁路上重要的城市。1984年,中华人民共和国国务院将其列为较大的市之一。
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