第2个回答 2006-08-09
首先,while 和when 的区别其实并不大,但是有些句子得固定用某一个。
when表示“当……的时候”。从句中既可用延续性动词,又可用非延续性动词,这些动词既可以表示动作,又可表示状态。从句中的动作既可和主句的动作同时发生,又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生。如:
When I came into the room, I found him lying there asleep.
Mary was having dinner when I saw her.
When you meet a word you don't know, consult the dictionary.
She was beautiful when she was a girl.
如果when从句的主语与主句主语相同,谓语又是be动词,从句主语和be可以省略:当when从句主语与主句主语相同时,用when加分词可以替代状语从句。如:
When(you are)in trouble, ask her for help.
When(I was)sleeping, I never heard a thing.
1)when 引导短暂性动作的动词。
Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
2)当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用when 引导这个从句,不可用 while。
When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
第二个问题:
1.及物动词(Transitive Verbs,缩写vt.)——后面通常都跟宾语:
What did you say? 你说什么?
I'm translating a poem. 我在翻译一首诗。
2.不及物动词(Intransitive Verbs,缩写为vi.)——后面不跟宾语:
Who's calling? 谁在打电话?
I'm looking for my key. 我在找我的钥匙。
绝大多数动词既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词,其中有几种情况:
1.通常作vi.,偶尔作vt.:
He lived to the age of seventy. 他活到了七十岁。(vi.)
They are living a happy life. 他们过着幸福的生活。(vt.)
She smiled when she saw us. 她见到我们时笑了起来。(vi.)
She smiled her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。(vt.)
2.通常作vt.,偶作vi.:
You can not see the wood for the trees. 你是见树不见林。(vt.)
It's dark, I can't see. 天很黑,我什么也看不见。(vi.)
The arrow hit the target. 箭击中了靶。(vt.)
He hit at me, but missed. 他设法打我,但没打着。(vi.)
3.有不同意思,有时作vt.,有时作vi.(多数动词都如此):
It's hard to please all. 要使大家都高兴不容易。(vt.)
Come whenever you please. 你爱什么时候来就什么时候来。(vi.)
Her worlds moved me deeply. 她的话深深感动了我。(vt.)
She moved gracefully. 她的动作很优美。(vi.)
4.有时意思不变,但宾语可省略:
See what I mean? 懂我的意思吗?(vt.)
Yes, I see. 是的,明白了。(vi.)
Remember your appointment. 记住你的约会。(vt.)
Don't forget to post my letter. Please remember. 别忘了发我的信,请记住。(vi.)
只有少数动词通常只用作vi.,如appear, exist, happen, occur, vanish, ache, bleed, blush, faint, shiver, tremble, cough, cry, weep, scream, snore, yawn, gleam, shine, vibrate, arrive, come, depart, fall, flow, go, kneel, pause等。但在个别情况下也可跟宾语,如weep bitter tears, cough blood, die a heroic death, sigh one's relief。另外有少数动词通常只用作vt.,如have, raise, carry, catch, cover, destroy, use, admire, enjoy, frighten, hate, interest, like, love, need, prefer, surprise, trust, accept, correct, discuss, expect, thank, warn等,只偶作vi.,如She frightens easily, Come if you like.
两个词都是“到达”的意思。 arrive 是不及物动词,不能直接跟宾语。reach 是及物动词,可以直接跟宾语。
arrive 常与 at 和 in 连用,arrive at 指到达较小的地方,arrive in 指到达较大的地方,如 arrive in Beijing , arrive at the station。
下面再举些例句就知道如何用这两个词了。例如:
When does the train reach Shanghai?火车什么时候到达上海?
They arrived in Shanghai yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午他们到达上海。
When he arrived at the station, the train had left.他到火车站时,火车已开走了。
第四个问题:基本上是没有区别的。。但要记住两种搭配的主语必须sb.即是人才可以用。
spend表示“花费”,常与介词on连用。例如:
He spent all his money on books.
We must spend our time on the lessons.
spend还可以用于下列结构: spend...(in)doing sth.意思是“花费……做某事”。例如:
She spent all her life(in) teaching her threechildren.她把毕生精力倾注于教育她的三个孩子身上。
最后一个:
动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。
一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。
表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。
例:He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year?
二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。
非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用,如:two years ago; at 5 o'clock;
例:He died 5 years ago.
否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:I haven't left here for 3 years. I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.
三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换:leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have, begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --- be over, join --- be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, open sth --- keep sth open, fall ill --- be ill, get up---be up, catch a cold --- have a cold, come here --- be here, go there --- be there, become --- be, come back --- be back, fall asleep --- be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in), leave --- be away from, get to know --- know, go (get) out →be out, put on→ wear;catch a cold →have a cold等。