(1)乙炔与氯化氢加成生成氯乙烯,氯乙烯加聚生成聚氯乙烯,其反应方程式为:①CH≡CH+HCl→CH
2=CHCl;②
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/8ad4b31c8701a18bed6a80fe9d2f07082938fefa?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
;
故答案为:①CH≡CH+HCl→CH
2=CHCl;②
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/8ad4b31c8701a18bed6a80fe9d2f07082938fefa?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
;
(2)碳碳双键上的六个原子全在一个平面,根据乙烯是平面型分子,
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/a2cc7cd98d1001e9e8a786bebb0e7bec55e797ec?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
可看做乙烯中的四个氢原子被甲基取代;乙炔是直线型分子,CH
3C≡CCH
3可看做是甲基取代乙炔分子上的氢原子,
故答案为:
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/a2cc7cd98d1001e9e8a786bebb0e7bec55e797ec?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
;CH
3C≡CCH
3;
(3)观察到两种类型的H原子给出的信号说明有两种氢原子,其强度之比为9:1说明这两种氢原子个数比为9:1,且为链烃,因为氢原子和碳原子必须为整数,
假设该烃中含有10个氢原子,则含碳数为
不为整数;
假设该听中含有20个氢原子,则含碳数为
=9,该烃分子式为C
9H
20.
强度比为9:1,即含有18个氢原子和2个氢原子两组信号.由于该烃满足CnH2n+2,故为饱和烃.
由于烷烃必然含有甲基,而甲基含有3个氢原子,故18个氢原子必为甲基上的氢原子,因为共有
=6个甲基.将6个甲基对称排列,故只能为两个叔丁基.
故结构简式为:
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/95eef01f3a292df50d583ea4bf315c6035a873ec?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
;
当该烃为芳烃时,由于同分子量的芳烃中含碳量必然高于饱和烃,故该分子中含有碳原子数必然大于C
9H
20中的9个.
假设碳数为10,则含有氢数为128-12×10=8,假设含碳数为11,则含有氢数为128-12×11=不成立.
因此该烃分子式为C
10H
8.
若为单环芳烃,由于苯环上含有6个碳,故侧链含碳4个,氢原子信号强度比为1:1,故等效氢为苯环上4个和侧链上4个.由苯环上有4个氢,且为等同,故苯环应该为对二取代.侧链为C
4H
4,故侧链为两个C
2H
2,无法连接.
故该芳烃为双环芳烃,即萘
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/71cf3bc79f3df8dcc9ca1d20ce11728b4610288f?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,
故答案为:
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/95eef01f3a292df50d583ea4bf315c6035a873ec?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
;
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/71cf3bc79f3df8dcc9ca1d20ce11728b4610288f?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
.