现在分词由动词加ing构成.
非谓语动词中的现在分词主要起形容词和副词的作用,在句中作定语、
表语、补语或状语.
一、现在分词的两个基本特点.
1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行.例如: a developing country. 一个发展中的国家, boiling water 沸水, rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳.(试比较: a developed country 一个
发达国家, boiled water 白开水, risen sun 升起的太阳)
2. 在语态上表示主动.例如: the ruling class
统治阶级, the exploiting class 剥削阶级.(试比较: the ruled class 被统治阶级, the exploited class 被剥削阶级)
二、掌握现在分词的基本功能.
1. 现在分词作定语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作.也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征,此时可换成相应的
定语从句.例如:
① There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light.
② He saw a flying bird and raised his bow.
③ I was satisfied with the exciting speech.
2. 现在分词作状语时,可作时间、条件、结果、原因和
伴随状语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作.此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语,因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性.例如:
① The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.
② European football is played in
more than 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world.
③Seeing from the top of the hill, we can find that the city looks more beautiful.
3. 现在分词作补足语,表示正在进行的或主动的动作.例如:
① Soon they could see the steam rising from the wet clothes.
② The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.
4. 现在分词的
独立主格结构作状语.例如:
① With his lips still trembling, he couldn't say a word.
②“ Mama! ” he cried suddenly, tears rolling down his cheeks. “妈妈!”他突然哭着喊,泪水从他的脸上流下来.(这里需要用现在分词的独立主格结构 tears rolling down his cheeks 作状语.)
③ Weather permitting, we'll go to the Great wall. 如果天气允许的话,我们就去长城.(这里需要用现在分词的独立主格结构 Weather permitting 作状语.)