变化规则
大多数形容词和副词有比较级和高级的变化,即原级、比较级和高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级和高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
(1)单音节词加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级和高级。
tall(高的)
taller
tallest
great(巨大的) greater
greatest
(2)以不发音的e结尾的单音节词只加-r,-st
nice(好的)
nicer
nicest
large(大的)
larger
largest
able(有能力的)
abler
ablest
(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est
big(大的)
bigger
biggest
hot热的)
hotter
hottest
red红色的
redder
reddest
(4)"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er,-est
easy(容易的)
easier
easiest
busy(忙的)
busier
busiest
(5)以ly结尾的副词,除early-earlier-earliest,其他都是加more
most.
Slowly-more
slowly-most
slowly
Bravely-more
bravely-most
bravely
quickly-more
quickly-most
quickly
(6)少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er,-est
clever(聪明的) cleverer
cleverest
narrow(窄的) narrower
narrowest
(7)其他双音节词和多音节词在前面加more,most来构成比较级和高级。如:
important(重要的)
more
important
most
important
easily(容易地)
more
easily
most
easily
(8)一些词的比较级和高级,可以加-er或
-est,也可以加more或most,如:clever,
polite等。
(9)
不规则变化
有一些词的比较级、高级变化是不规则的,需要特殊记忆。如:
good
/
well→better→best
bad
/
ill/badly→worse→worst
many
/
much→more→most
little→less→least
far→farther→farthest(表示距离)
/
far→further→furthest
(表示程度)
old→older
/
elder→oldest
(表示新旧或年龄)
/
eldest
(表示兄弟姐妹之间的长幼关系)
副词的比较级和高级的构成规则和形容词比较级和高级的构成规则一样,所不同的是:形容词高级前面必须用the,而副词的高级前面的the可带可不带。
一些词本身没有比较级和高级形式,如:right,
wrong,
full,
empty,
round,
complete,
wooden,
dead,
daily等。
long-longer-longest
young-younger-youngest
old-older/elder-oldest/eldest
short-shorter-shortest
high-higher-highest
deep-deeper-deepest
small-smaller-smallest
big-bigger-biggest
tall-taller-tallest
loud-louder-loudest
low-lower-lowest
thin-thiner-thinest
fat-fatter-fattest
great-greater-greatest
nice-nicer-nicest
happy-happier-happiest
heavy-heavier-heaviest
cheap-cheaper-cheapest
near-nearer-nearest
clean-dleaner-cleanest
few-fewer-fewest
late-later-latest
angry-angrier-angriest
busy-busier-busiest
lazy-lazier-laziest
hot-hotter-hottest
glad-gladder-gladdest
clear-clearer-clearest
strong-stronger-strongest
lucky-luckier-luckiest
interesting-moreinteresting-most
interesting
difficult-more
difficult-most
difficult
expensive-more
expensive-most
expensive
形容词比较级的用法
1.
两者比较时用形容词比较级,其结构为“...
比较级
+
than
...”。如:Actions
speak
louder
than
words.
2.
在两者之间选择“哪一个更……”时,用句型“Which
/
Who
is
+比较级,
...
or
...?”。如:Which
sweater
is
cheaper,
the
red
one
or
the
yellow
one?
3.
表示“两者之间……的一个”时,用“the
+
比较级”。如:Lucy
is
the
taller
of
the
twins.
4.
表示“越……,越……”时,用“the
+
比较级,the
+
比较级”。如:The
more
you
eat,
the
fatter
you
will
become.
5.
表示“越来越……”时,用“比较级
+
and
+
比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词用“more
and
more
+
形容词原级”。如:We
should
make
our
country
more
and
more
beautiful.
6.
形容词比较级前可以用下列词修饰:much,
a
little,
far,
a
bit,
a
few,
a
lot,
even,
still,
rather等。如:It's
much
colder
today
than
yesterday.
形容词高级的用法
1.
三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用形容词高级形式。形容词高级前通常需加定冠词the,句末常接in
/
of短语来表示范围。如:He
is
the
strongest
of
all
the
boys.
2.
表示“……之一”时,用“one
of
+
the
+
高级”。如:The
light
bulb
is
one
of
the
most
helpful
inventions.
3.
形容词高级前可以由物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰,此时不用定冠词the。如:Yesterday
is
her
happiest
day
in
her
life
修饰语
1.
比较级的修饰语
Much(……得多),far(……得多),even(甚至,更),still(更),a
bit(有点),a
little(有点),a
lot(很),
a
great
deal(大大地),
twice(两倍),
five
times(五倍),
two-fifths(五分之二),
a
half(一半)等修饰比较级表示程度,但决不可用very修饰。
eg.
Tom
is
a
little
taller
than
Mike.
Tom比Mike稍高一点;
It
is
even
colder
today
than
yesterday.
今天甚至比昨天更冷
2.高级的修饰语
By
far/
far
and
away
,很
much
……得多
almost
几乎
nearly
几乎
另外,second,
third,
next
等也要放在定冠词之后。如:
The
Yellow
River
is
the
second
longest
in
China.
黄河是中国的第二大河。
This
is
the
third
largest
building
in
this
city.
这是这个城市里第三大的建筑物。
The
Yellow
River
is
the
second
longest
river
in
China.
黄河是中国第二长河。
This
is
(by)
far
the
best
book
that
I've
ever
read.
这是我读过的好的书。
词汇积累是英语学习的基础,词汇量的多少直接影响到学生的英语写作及口语水平,提高英语单词的记忆效率是进行高效英语学习的基石。
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