第1个回答 2016-06-08
1.含义不同。
定语从句里面是缺少成分的,要么缺少主语、宾语,要么缺少状语;也就是说关系代词在定语从句里是充当成分的。
同位语从句的引导词只是起到连接作用,在同位语从句里不充当任何成分,换句话说,同位语从句是意思、结构都是完整的。先行词通常都是有具体内容的词如:news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,word(消息),possibility等。
2.引导词不同。
定语从句的引导词(关系代词和关系副词)只有关系代词:that、which、who、whom、whose、as;关系副词:when、where、why。
同位语从句的连接词有:that,whether;连接副词 how,when,where等
举例说明:
He gave me a vase, which strikes my fancy. (定语从句,which指代先行词vase,在定语从句里做主语,谓语是strikes)
他给了我一只花瓶,这只花瓶很中我的意。
Heidi is a charming girl who I have never found rude – not once. (定语从句,who指先行词girl,在定语从句里做found的宾语)
海蒂是个迷人的女孩,我从来没发现她举止粗野——一次也没有。
The word “dentist”denotes a doctor whose work is the care of teeth. (定语从句,whose指代doctor,在定语从句里做work的定语)
“牙科医生”一词意谓其工作是医治牙齿的医生。
We have no idea why he suddenly left.(同位语从句,不缺成分)
我们不知道他为什么突然离开。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.(同位语从句,thought的具体内容)
他突然想起敌人可能已经逃出城了。
第2个回答 2016-04-08
定语从句和同位语从句形式非常相似,但同位语从句没有引导词,也不是起解释说明作用,以下是详细区别:
定语从句与同位语从句的区别
1.定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,起限定作用.
而同位语从句等同于它所修饰的名词,是名词性的,其功能是对所修饰的名词作补充说明.同位语从句一般跟在名词fact,hope,idea,news,doubt,suggestion,information,opinion,decision,discovery,truth,promise,statement,problem,rule等的面.
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事,他们都很焦虑.(同位语从句)
Where did you get the idea that I could not come 你在哪儿听说我不能来?(同位语从句)
I have no idea whether he'll come or not.我不知道他是否来.(同位语从句)
It is a fact (that) you can't deny.这是一个你不能否认的事实.(定语从句)
It is a fact that she has done her best.她尽了最大的努力,这是事实.(同位语从句)
2.在定语从句中,that代先行词,在从句中不仅起连接作用,还充当某个句子成分,在作宾语时通常可省略.
而在同位语从句中,that只起连接主句和从句的作用,无意义,在从句中不充当句子成分,一般不可省.
The news (that) we heard spread all over the school campus.
我们听到的消息传遍了校园.(定语从句)
The news that Mr.Li will be our new English teacher is true.
李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的.(同位从句)