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Question

以下是中文:
（一）杂散电流的特点
某重要工程有一根地下输油管道，投入使用不久，就出现穿孔漏油，对穿孔漏油处进行踏勘，发现地面有一条直流电气小铁路，总长约 2500m，其中有 1000m 左右与输油管道平行，两者间距很近，一般只有几十米，有的地方只相距 25m。
为了查明是否是由杂散电流造成输油管漏油，对输油管道对地的电位进行测量（注意：输油管外面已进行过绝缘处理，包缠着玻璃丝带和柏油），测量得到如下结果：
1．管－地电位不稳定
对腐蚀区的几个点进行测定，发现各点的管一地电位均随时间而波动，在 10～15min 内，波动幅度最大可达到数伏。
2．管－地电位严重偏离正常值
（二）减少杂散电流的方法
目前地铁一般采取以下方法来减少杂散电流。
1．减小钢轨阻抗
地铁列车走行钢轨同时作为牵引列车人流回流用，因此钢轨阻抗越小，从钢轨向外流失的杂散电流也越小，减少钢轨阻抗的有效办法是采用长钢轨，钢轨越长，钢轨接头就越少，钢轨的阻抗也就越小。对钢轨接头除了用鱼尾板螺栓连接外，再在两根钢轨之间用 2 根 120mm2 以上的绝缘铜电缆连接。
2．走行钢轨采用点支承
减少钢轨与地面的接触面也是减少杂散电流的方法之一，为此走行钢轨采用点支承，即用混凝土软枕作为支承。
3．钢轨与地绝缘
钢轨与地绝缘越好，杂散电流也就越小，为此在钢轨与混凝土软枕之间、紧固用螺栓与混凝土软枕之间、扣件与混凝土软枕之间采取绝缘，要求每公里轨道对杂散电流收集网的泄漏电阻值大于 10Ω。
4．设置杂散电流收集网
上海地铁电动车辆采用直流供电．额定电压为 1500V、额定在引电流高达 3000A。虽然兼作回流的走行钢轨与地之间采取了绝缘措施，又采用长钢轨，钢轨接头处加焊铜电缆，但钢轨本身具有电阻，当电流流过钢轨时在电阻上就产生电位差，因钢轨对地绝缘电阻不可能处于无穷大，故有电位差就会产生杂散电流，即大行钢轨小一部分电流将流出轨道，此杂散电流在地铁中作为“迷流”。当迷流进入地铁隧道的结构钢筋及与隧道绝缘不良的金属管道、支架、桥架等时，在有电解质的情况下，这些金属设备将受到电腐蚀。为此在地铁混凝土软枕下的道床内设置杂散电流收集网。
杂散电流收集网由上、下两排纵向钢筋组成，每排钢筋为 5 根 Φ12mm 钢筋，每隔 50m 用一根 Φ25mm 以上的横向钢筋将 5 根纵向钢筋焊接成一整体，同时用两根 Φ20mm 钢筋把上、下 2 根横向连接钢筋焊成一体，如图33 所示。上排的 5 根钢筋除了起杂散电流收集作用外，还起固定混凝土软忱的作用，混凝土软枕上预先穿好孔，钢筋在施工时穿进去。下排钢筋固定在混凝土道床里。
杂散电流收集网与隧道的结构钢筋间应绝缘，不能相连。
杂散电流收集网在每个牵引变电所的两个端头设引出端子，用以测量和收集杂散电流。
（三）防止杂散电流的方法
上述措施能使杂散电流大大减小，但仍旧免不了有一小部分杂散电流从混凝土道床流到隧道结构内的金属导体上，若不采取措施这部分杂散电流会使金属导体产生腐蚀。下面按各种设备介绍防止杂散电流的方法。
1. 电缆桥架
2．动力、照明配管
3．车站给排水管道
4．车站环控系统
5．地铁明挖车站、矩形隧道以及圆形隧道主体结构
6．其它
请各位大哥大姐帮帮忙,小弟感激涕泠.以下是我的邮箱:[email protected]希望好心的大哥大姐能把翻译发到我的邮箱里.小弟再次谢过!

Answer 1

1) the characteristics of stray current project is a major one underground oil pipeline, and put into use shortly, there have been perforated oil spills, Perforation of oil spills Department also visited and found that the ground is a small DC Electric Railway, the total length of 2500m, Among them, about 1000m parallel with the oil pipeline, both very close spacing, generally only a dozen meters, Some places are only 25m. In order to identify whether caused by stray current pipeline oil spills, pipeline right of the potential measurements (note : pipeline has been conducted outside insulation, glass Ribbon package deal and asphalt), the measurement results are as follows : 1. Tube-to the potential instability of the corrosion of several spots in and found the point of a potential both to fluctuate over time, 10-15min, the fluctuations can achieve the greatest number of dead. 2. Tube-to potential serious deviation from the normal (2) reduce the stray current method of the current MTR generally take the following ways to reduce the Miscellaneous San current. 1. Impedance reduce rail train running the same time as the rail traction passenger trains return, it is the smaller rail impedance. Rail outward from the loss of stray current is smaller, reducing the effective rail impedance means of a long rail, rail longer the smaller rail joints, rail impedance is small. In addition to the rail joints with fish plate bolt connection, again between the two rails with two 120mm2 above the insulation copper cable connections. 2. Traveling Rail Bearing Point used to reduce rail contact with the ground surface as well as reduce the stray current one way, Traveling this point supporting rail use, with concrete soft as a pillow bearing. 3. Insulation and to rail and rail to the better insulation, stray current is small, for the rail and concrete between the soft pillow, fastening bolts and concrete with soft pillow between the fastener and concrete soft pillow among insulation, every kilometer track collection of stray current net value of the leakage resistance greater than 10Ω. 4. Stray current installed sea MTR online collection of electric vehicles using DC power supply. Rated voltage of 1500V, rated current up to the introduction of 3000. While serving as the return of running rail and take between the insulation measures will be adopted long rail and rail welding joint of copper cables, But rail itself with resistance, when the current flow resistance at the rail on the potential difference, by rail to the insulation resistance is not infinite, there is a potential difference of stray current will be generated, that the rail lines will be a small part of the current outflow orbit, the stray current in the MTR as a "stray current." When the crowds flow into the subway tunnel structure reinforced tunnels and bad insulation on the metal pipes, frame, such as bridge, in the case of electrolytes, which will be metal equipment -- corrosion. That the MTR suboccipital the soft concrete bed set up inside stray current collection network. Stray current collection from the network, the next two rows of vertical steel bars, each row of five steel reinforced Φ12mm, Every Φ25mm 50m with a more horizontal steel to 5% of the vertical steel welding a whole, using two reinforced Φ20 mm higher, the next two lateral connecting steel welded into one, as shown in Figure 33. Arranging for the five starting reinforced addition to the collection of stray current role, had a fixed concrete soft Lichen role Porcelain Pillows Made of soft concrete advance fashions Kong, the construction of reinforced wear into. Pai under constant reinforcement in the concrete track bed Lane. Stray current collection network and the structure of reinforced tunnels between the insulation should not connected. Stray current collection network in each substation set up two first-terminal leads to the collection and measurement of stray current. (3) to prevent stray current of the above measures can greatly reduce the stray current. But inevitably there are still a small number of stray current from the concrete track bed flow within the tunnel structure of metal conductor, Failure to take these measures will stray current corrosion of metal conductor. Below introduced by the various equipment to prevent stray current methods. 1. 2 bridge cables. Power, lighting Pipe 3. Station Road 4 to drain. Station Control System 5. Digging subway stations, tunnels and rectangular circular tunnel six main structure. Other