同位语从句
一、定义
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的从句。
The fact that women can work as well as men is clear.
We were very excited at the news that our team had won.
Henry Adams made a promise that he would not open the letter until 2 o’clock.
I have no idea when Chaplin’s film will be on again.
同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词后面，用以说明名词所表示的具体内容。常跟同位语从句的名词主要有：idea，news，fact，promise，answer，belief，condition．doubt，fear，hope，problem，proof，question，reply，report，suggestion，thought，truth，message，word (消息)， suggestion，possibility等等。
I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon. 我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.
他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
▲有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在抽象名词后面，而被别的词隔开。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.
他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
二、连接词
通常有连词that，whether, 连接代词what，who。连接副词how, when, where等。（注：if, which 不能引导同位语从句。）
1. 连词that引导同位语从句
The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.
你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。
◆引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。
He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。
2. 连词whether引导的同位语从句
The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。
★whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。
3. 其它引导词引导的同位语从句
①I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。（what作定语）
②The question who will take his place is still not clear. （who作主语）
③We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
④It’s the question how he did it.
4. 同位语从句常见句型：
①have no idea +wh-同位语从句
Sorry, I really have no idea where she lives.
Have you any idea when she is leaving for Beijing?
②have an idea + that引导同位语从句
I have an idea that she won’t leave me whatever happens.
③there is no need/ no doubt + that引导同位语从句
There is no need that you worry about his safety, you see, he is a big boy now.
There is no doubt that he is devoted to you.
④there is (great) doubt + 同位语从句
There is great doubt who have stolen the car.
⑤Word came +that 引导同位语从句
(为了使句子结构更加平衡，抽象名词作主语而后面接有一个同位语从句时，往往把同位语从句后置。)
Word came that the playground in our school would be replaced by a gym.
Information has been put forward that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
The question came up at the meeting whether we had enough money for our research.
5. that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别
①定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时又在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
②定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。
③定语从句中的that有时可省略而同位语从句中的that一般不能省略。
The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.
他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。
（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.
汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）
6. when, where, why 引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别
定语从句：引导词与先行词有关，与先行词的意义基本相同，没有疑问意义。
同位语从句：引导词与先行词毫无关系，其意义完全与疑问词相同。
7. 同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气及谓语动词用, “(should)+动词原形”
There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。