Most of the initiatives outlined are Horizon 2 (such as water sensitive urban design, distributed energy and hybrid vehicles) or Horizon 3 in nature (such as integrated urban water systems, the hydrogen economy and intelligent transport systems), although there remains much mileage to be gained from Horizon 1 efficiency-based initiatives.
The science, engineering and technology capacity to deliver more sustainable urban development in greenfield sites is increasing significantly, and is classed here as Horizon 1 innovation—activity which should be occurring now.
There are emerging opportunities through new technologies, knowledge access and innovation to integrate sustainable urban developments from the dwelling scale (www.yourbuilding.org; www.greenhouse.gov.au/yourhome) to the neighbourhood scale
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