非谓语怎么学

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Answer 1

★★★★★ 重要语法资料★★★★★复习非谓语动词的用法
这一语法内容是中学英语中的一大版块，也是高考的一个重点，希望大家利用“五一”假期时间自己认真阅读以下内容，返校后听课时会轻松一点！
非谓语动词，是动词的非谓语形式，即，不能在句中单独充当谓语，并且不受主语人称和数的制约。在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语和状语。非谓语动词可分为不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词。
一、做主语
动词不定式做主语表示具体的、将来的、有意识的动作，一般受一定条件限制；而动名词表示抽象的、习惯的无意识的动作，一般不受条件限制。谓语动词都用单数。
To have a swim in the sea in hot summer is great. Teaching is my job.
二、做宾语
动名词和不定式都可以做宾语，但须跟在特定的动词后。不定式一般不做介词的宾语 （except, but“除了”除外）, 而动名词既可以做动词、介词的宾语，也可用在含有介词的 动词短语后做宾语。
I remember having closed the door.
I decide to go there at once.
I have no choice but to tell the truth.
三、做表语
1. 不定式做表语表示具体的、将来的、有意识的动作；动名词做表语表示抽象的、习惯 性的、无意识的动作。
My job is to help you. All I want to do now is help you .
My favorite sport is playing football.
注意：如果在主语从句或修饰主语的定语从句中有实义动词do 时，做表语的动词不 定式须省略to。
2. 现在分词做表语表示主语的特征，分词和主语是主动关系；过去分词做表语则表示主 语的状态，分词和主语是被动关系。
The film is very interesting. He is interested in English.
四、做定语
1. 不定式做定语放在被修饰的名词或代词后，且往往与之构成逻辑上的关系。若名词为不 定式的逻辑主语，构成主谓关系；若名词为动词不定式的逻辑宾语，则构成动宾关系。动词不定式做定语时，如果动词不定式是不及物动词，要带有必要的介词。
She is not a girl to tell lies. I have no room to live in.
If we don’t stop wasting water, we will not have enough to drink.
2. 动名词短语不能做定语，只能用单个的动名词做前置定语，说明名词的性质、用途。
There is a swimming pool in the park.
3. 单独一个分词做定语放在中心词的前面，分词短语做定语放在中心词的后面。现在分词
定语与所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系；而过去分词做定语与所修饰的词有逻辑上的动
关系；它们都相当于一个定语从句。
China is a developing country.
We stayed in hotel standing by the lake.(=a hotel which stood ...)
The problem discussed at the meeting last week is very important.
五、做状语
1.不定式做状语多表示目的、原因、结果。例如：
I am very glad to hear the news.(表原因)
I got up early so as not to be late.(表目的)
She hurried to the station, only to find that train had left.（表结果）
2.分词做状语可表示时间、原因、让步、结果、方式、条件和伴随情况。例如：
Hearing the encouraging news, the students gave out shouts.
Located in southern Austria, Kitzbuhel is a paradise for skiers.
They opened fire, killing one solider.
六、做补语
不定式和分词都可以做补语，但须跟在特定的词后面，并且表示的意义有不同。例如：
He doesn’t want her to attend the conference.
I saw him reading a novel in the reading room just now.
1. ________ 1639, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Being found B. It was found C. founded D. founding
2. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _____________ the film stars had left.
A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
3. --- I’ll go back to our hometown the day after tomorrow. Have you got anything _______ to
your parents?
--- No, thank you. I’ll be back in a few days, too.
A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taken
4. There are hundreds of visitors _________ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van
Gogh’s paintings.
A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait
5. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _________ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoke
6. Generally speaking, __________ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken
7. Helen had to shout _________ above the sound of music
A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear
C. making herself D. to make herself heard
非谓语动词（二）
非谓语动词指的是动词不定式、v-ing 形式和动词的过去分词。16单元重点是复习非谓语动词的被动语态。当非谓语动词的逻辑主语是该非谓语动词动作的承受者时，一般要用非谓语动词的被动语态，其形式通常有两种：一种是一般式，一种是完成式。
一、动词不定式的被动式
1. 用作句子的真正主语。
It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.
It is necessary for us to be constantly reminded of our shortcomings.
2. 用作某些动词的宾语。
They asked to be sent to work in Tibet. I hated to be flattered.
3. 用作表语。
What I want is to left alone. The problem remains to be solved.
4. 用作宾语补足语。
He wanted the paper to be typed at once.
They didn’t expect the book to be so well received.
5. 用作主语补足语。
The books are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room.
The date is expected to be announced before long.
6. 用作名词的后置定语。
Are you going to the banquet to be given at the embassy?
It will be the first such project to be designed by Chinese engineers.
7. 用作状语。
The children are going to the hospital to be inoculated.
She was not old enough to be given such heavy work.
注意：如果不定式表示的一个比谓语动作发生得更早的动作，这时不定式完成式的被动式。这样的被动式可在句中充当上述的各种成分。
The novel is said to have been translated into seven languages.
I thought it an honour to have been invited to the party.
二、动名词的被动式
1. 用作句子的主语。
His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness.
So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence.
2. 用作动词宾语或介词宾语
She couldn’t bear being made fun of like that.
We congratulated him on his being admitted to the Party.
注意：如果动名词表示动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生，有时需要用动名词的完成被动式。
She doesn’t remember having ever been given a chance to go abroad.
三、现在分词的被动式
1． 用作名词的后置定语，表示当时正在进行的被动动作。
The building being repaired is our library.
This is one of the experiments being carried out in our laboratory.
2. 作宾语补足语，表示当时正在进行的被动动作。
You’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere.
As we approached the village, we saw new houses being built.
3. 构成独立主格结构，作状语。
The key having been lost, she couldn’t enter her room. (原因状语)
The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan. (时状)
1. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games ________ in Beijing in 2008.
A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held
2. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ________ the film stars had left.
A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
3. What worried the child was __________ to visit his mother in the hospital.
A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed
C. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed
4. __________ from other continents for millions years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.
A. Being separated B. having separated
C. having been separated D. to be separated
5. _____ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.
A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing
6． 那个害羞的女孩不喜欢课堂上被老师提问。
______________________________________________________________________ .
7． 汤姆希望被推荐做这份工作。
______________________________________________________________________ .
8． 他不介意被单独留在家。
______________________________________________________________________
9． 由于遭遇大雨，他走进了一家商店。
______________________________________________________________________
10． I can’t _________ _______ _________ .(让别人理解我的话)
11． His parents died, _______ ______ _____ _____ ________ _________ .
(给他留下一大笔钱)
12．_______ ______ _____ _____ , he bought a good dictionary.
(为了学好英语)

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