非谓语动词先判断主动被动ing/ed,然后判断完时态怎么写?

先确定了是主动,Ing形式,下一步看时态,是将来就是to doing 现在就是ing 那过去呢?要是确定了被动的话,将来时to be done,现在是done,过去是又是啥。。。
要是发生在主句之前,表原因,前面就加having对吗。。。

to doing是错误的,除非是介词to+动名词doing。那么就是介词短语了。介词短语可以作状语、定语。
分词:
我个人认为“ing形式和ed形式”与主动被动无关,而是与动词的及物行有关。这时也可用adj了。
当ing说明是逻辑主语发出的,ed是逻辑宾语承受的。这在定语、补语、状语中是通用的。ing表示动作正在进行。【我写出了前几个解释来说明我说的是什么意思】

定语:
an accompanying letter 一封附函 【逻辑主语letter,letter companys】 a accompanied boy 一个有人陪伴的男孩。【逻辑宾语boy,accompany a boy或者a boy is accompanied】
The boy lay on the ground,his eyes closed and his hands trembling.这个男孩躺在地上,眼睛闭着,手在发抖。【close his eyes,his hands tremble】
He rushed back into the blazing house.他又返回,冲进了燃烧着的房子。【逻辑主语house】
A huge fire was blazing in the fireplace.壁炉中的火烧得正旺。【所以blazing是主动,我们会看起来很不理解】
appalling crime committed against innocent children.对无辜小孩犯下的骇人惊闻的罪行。【appal为及物动词,所以appalling是形容词骇人听闻的。逻辑主语crime】

状语:
The teacher came into the classroom following some students.老师跟着几个学生进入教室。【逻辑主语The teacher】
She taught him to sing accompanying him on her old piano. (= she accompanied him on her old piano) 她一边教他唱歌,一边弹着她的旧钢琴为他伴奏。
He was taught to sing, accompanied by her on her old piano. 他一边学唱歌,一边由她弹着旧钢琴为他伴奏。

补语:
He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天让人把牙拔了。【逻辑宾语tooth】
I saw him singing now.【逻辑主语him】
Don't have the students studying all day【逻辑主语students】
Never leave cash or other valuables lying around.【逻辑主语cash or other vauables】
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不定式作定语:
1.to do,一般式。表示将来的动作。

The train to arrive was from London.将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。
Get him something to eat. 给他拿点儿东西吃。
Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing? 你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗?

wait for the dust to settle【idm】等形势明朗了再说

2.to have done,完成式。动作已经完成。
  He was the last one to leave school yesterday.昨天他是随后最后一个离开教室的人。
  He was the last one to have left school yesterday.昨天他是最后一个早就离开教室的人。

  There is nothing to worry about.不存在随后可担心的事情。
  There is nothing to have worried about. 不存在已经担心过的事情

注意:以上两点是infinitive作名词的定语时,我们才能这样说。

This incident was a taste of things to come. 含义是“该事件是随后要出现事情的体验”。
By taking action to be prepared, you can lessen the impact of an earthquake on your family. 含义是“通过采取随后要准备行动,你就可以减少对你们家发生变动的影响”。
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不定式的被动式:to be done。
二、可见,当不定式与相关名词存在动宾关系时,从表面上看,不定式很像是主动表被动。其实,在这种情况下,【不定式的逻辑主语】或者存在于语言情景中不言自明的某人(如for you, for people, 等等),或者就是句子的主语。另如:
He told me the meal was ready to eat.(逻辑主语是主句中的 me,等于 the meal was ready for me to eat)
I have many things to do. (逻辑主语是句子的主语 I)

三、当不定式与相关名词是动宾关系时,如果另有【无需提及的逻辑主语】,则需要用不定式的被动语态表示,如:
The meal is ready to be eaten. (逻辑主语指准备好的饭是提供给的其他人,等于省略了介词短语 by 结构)
I have many things to be done. (逻辑主语指谈话双方以外的其他人,同样是省略了介词短语 by 结构)
注意:在there be句型与be+adj+不定式,就算没有逻辑主语,也用主动。
The work is not easy to do. There will be a lot of things ____.A.to see

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不定式作定语表示将来发生、现在分词作定语表示正在发生,动词不及物。过去分词表示被动,动作已经完成,及物动词。这也只是泛泛而谈,还有现在分词的被动式,表示正在发生的被动。being done。现在分词的被动完成式表示早已经完成的被动。having been done。现在分词的完成式表示早已经完成。having done
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