请教高手一个语法问题

Question

请问如何区分定语还是补足语
例如
She will name him whatever she wants to
Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？

whatever she wants to是him的补足语，this book gives you of life in ancient Greece是idea是定语

Answer 1

请问如何区分定语还是补足语
例如
She will name him whatever she wants to
Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？
whatever she wants to是him的补足语，this book gives you of life in ancient Greece是idea是定语
答：一个好问题，应有一些好的例句。
上句中，Whatever--从句是名词性从句，不可能作定语，再说him也不需要一个定语。
后一句中是定语从句（不过很容易误判为同位语从句倒是真的），因为关系代词that在从句中作give （you）的直接宾语，所以可以省略。
如果觉得难以区分到底是补语还是定语，要换用别的例句，比如现在分词就即可能作补语，又可以作定语，请问：
I saw a man standing on the edge of a rock. 这standing on the edge of a rock. 在句子中是作宾语a man的补足语呢还是作名词a man的后置定语呢？
象这个句子，我认为是个歧义句：
1. =I saw a man who was standing on the edge of a rock.
2.= I saw that a man was standing on the edge of a rock.

Answer 2

补足语是对前面的内容进行补充说明，whatever she wants to是对name him 这一情况进行补充的。定语是对前面的内容进行修饰。

Answer 3

区分定语还是补语的小窍门:
如果是修饰或限定宾语的, 就一定是定语 (注: 宾语可以是名词, 也可是名词从句);
如果是修饰补充说明整个句子或者句子的谓语的, 就是补语.

就拿你的例句来讲:
1. She will name him whatever she wants to.
句中whatever she wants to来修饰说明前面的句子主要结构 She will name him的(你也可以说是说明谓语name的, 所以是补语.

2. Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？
句中（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece是来修饰限定宾语the idea的, 所以是定语.