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ãã主å¨å½¢å¼ 被å¨å½¢å¼
ããä¸è¬å¼ ï¼not) to make ï¼not) to be made
ããå®æå¼ ï¼not) to have made ( not) to have been made
ããè¿è¡å¼ ï¼not) to be making æ 被å¨
ããå®æè¿è¡æ¶ï¼notï¼to have been making æ 被å¨
ãã(1)è¯æ
ããå¦æå¨è¯ä¸å®å¼çé»è¾ä¸»è¯æ¯è¿ä¸ªä¸å®å¼æ表示çå¨ä½çæ¿åè
ï¼ä¸å®å¼ä¸è¬è¦ç¨è¢«å¨è¯æå½¢å¼ãå¦ï¼
ããIt's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.ï¼ä¸å®å¼ä½ä¸»è¯ï¼
ããIt was impossible for lost time to be made up.ï¼ä¸å®å¼ä½ä¸»è¯ï¼
ããI wish to be sent to work in the country.ï¼ä¸å®å¼ä½å®¾è¯ï¼
ããCan you tell me which is the car to be repaired?ï¼ä¸å®å¼ä½å®è¯ï¼
ããHe went to the hospital to be examined.ï¼ä¸å®å¼ä½ç¶è¯ï¼
ããå¨There beç»æä¸ï¼ä¿®é¥°ä¸»è¯çä¸å®å¼å¯ç¨è¢«å¨ï¼ä¹å¯ç¨ä¸»å¨ãå¦ï¼There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).ä½ææ¶ä¸¤ç§å½¢å¼è¡¨è¾¾çææä¸åï¼å¦ï¼These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)
ãã(2)æ¶æ
ãã1) ç°å¨æ¶ï¼ä¸è¬ç°å¨æ¶è¡¨ç¤ºçå¨è¯ï¼ææ¶ä¸è°è¯å¨è¯è¡¨ç¤ºçå¨ä½åæ¶åçï¼ææ¶åçå¨è°è¯å¨è¯çå¨ä½ä¹åã
ããHe seems to know this.
ããI hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again.ãæå¸æåè§å°ä½ ã
ãã2) å®ææ¶ï¼è¡¨ç¤ºçå¨ä½åçå¨è°è¯å¨è¯è¡¨ç¤ºçå¨ä½ä¹åã
ããI'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
ããHe seems to have caught a cold.
ãã3) è¿è¡æ¶ï¼ 表示å¨ä½æ£å¨è¿è¡ï¼ä¸è°è¯å¨è¯è¡¨ç¤ºçå¨ä½åæ¶åçã
ããHe seems to be eating something.
ãã4) å®æè¿è¡æ¶ï¼
ããShe is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years. [ç¼è¾æ¬æ®µ][çé®è¯ï¼ä¸å®å¼ç»æ]ããçé®è¯who,what,which,when,where,whether,howåå¯æ¥ä¸å®å¼ææä¸å®å¼çè¯ï¼å¨å¥ä¸ä½ä¸»è¯ã宾è¯ã表 è¯çãå¦ï¼
ããâ When to leave for London has not been decided yet. ï¼ä¸å®å¼å¨å¥åä¸å主è¯ï¼
ããâ¡Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. ï¼ä¸å®å¼å¨å¥åä¸å宾è¯ï¼
ããâ¢I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. ï¼ä¸å®å¼å¨å¥åä¸åé´æ¥å®¾è¯ï¼
ããâ£The question was where to get the medicine needed. ï¼ä¸å®å¼å¨å¥åä¸è¡¨è¯ï¼
ãã以ä¸ä¾å¥ä¸çé®è¯ï¼ä¸å®å¼é¨åï¼åå¯è½¬æ¢ä¸ºç¸åºçä»å¥å½¢å¼ãå¦ï¼â When we shall leaveâ¦â¢â¦how I
ããcould learnâ¦
ããç»å¸¸å¨è¿ç§ç»æä¸ä½¿ç¨çå¨è¯æï¼consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, hear, know, lea rn, observe, understand, wonderçã [ç¼è¾æ¬æ®µ][å¨è¯ä¸å®å¼çè¯æ³åè½]ããä¸ãä½ä¸»è¯
ããå¨è¯ä¸å®å¼ä½ä¸»è¯æ¶ï¼å¥åçè°è¯å¨è¯å¸¸ç¨åæ°ï¼å
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ãã(1)æä¸å®å¼ç½®äºå¥é¦ãå¦ï¼
ããTo get there by bike will take us half an hour.
ãã(2)ç¨itä½å½¢å¼ä¸»è¯ï¼æçæ£ç主è¯ä¸å®å¼ç½®äºå¥åï¼å¸¸ç¨äºä¸åå¥å¼ä¸ãå¦ï¼
ããâ Itï¼beï¼åè¯ï¼to do
ããIt's our duty to take good care of the old.
ããâ¡It takes sb+some time+to do
ããHow long did it take you to finish the work?
ããâ¢Itï¼beï¼å½¢å®¹è¯ï¼for sbï¼to do
ããIt is difficult for us to finish writing the compositionin a quarter of an hour.
ããâ£Itï¼beï¼å½¢å®¹è¯ï¼of sbï¼to do
ããIt is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays.
ããâ¤It seems(appears)ï¼å½¢å®¹è¯ï¼to do
ããIt seemed impossible to save money.
ããå¨å¥åâ¢ä¸ï¼å¸¸ç¨è¡¨ç¤ºå®¢è§æ
åµç形容è¯ï¼å¦ï¼difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary çï¼å¨å¥åâ£ä¸ï¼å¸¸ç¨careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wiseç 表示èµæ¬ææ¹è¯çè¯ãå¨ä¸å®å¼åçsbï¼å¯çä½å
¶é»è¾ä¸»è¯ãè¿ä¸å¥å¼ææ¶ç¸å½äºSb isï¼å½¢å®¹è¯ï¼to doå¥å¼ ï¼å¦ï¼It'skind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English.
ãã(3)举ä¾
ãã1ï¼ It's easy (for me) to do that.æåè¿äºå¤ªå®¹æäº
ããeasy,ãdifficult,ãhard,ãimportant,ãpossible,ãimpossible,ãcomfortable,ãnecessary,ãbetter;ã
ããthe first,ãthe next,ãthe last,ãthe best,ãtoo much,ãtoo little,ãnot enough
ããIt's so nice to hear your voice.
ããå¬å°ä½ ç声é³çé«å
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ããIt's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
ããå½ä½ ä¸ç¨è½¦çæ¶åï¼é车æ¯æå¿
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ãã2) It's very kind of him to help us.ãä»å¸®å©æ们ï¼ä»ç好ã
ããKind,ãnice,ãstupid,ãrude,ãclever,ãfoolish,ãthoughtful,ãthoughtless,ãbrave,ãconsiderate(èèå¨å°ç),ãsilly,ãselfish(èªç§ç)
ããä¾å¥:
ããIt was silly of us to believe him.ãæ们çæè ¢ï¼ç«ç¶ç¸ä¿¡äºä»ã
ããIt seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.ãä»ä¸ç»ä»ä»¬ä»»ä½ä¸è¥¿ï¼è¿æ¾å¾å¤ªèªç§äºã
ãã注æï¼1) å
¶ä»ç³»å¨è¯å¦ï¼lookï¼appearçä¹å¯ç¨äºæ¤å¥å
ãã2) ä¸å®å¼ä½ä¸ºå¥åæåæ¶ï¼å¨è¯ç¨åæ°å½¢å¼ã
ãã3) å½ä¸å®å¼ä½ä¸»è¯çå¥åä¸åæä¸ä¸ªä¸å®å¼ä½è¡¨è¯æ¶ï¼ä¸è½ç¨It is⦠toâ¦çå¥å
ãã(对)To see is to believe.ãç¾é»ä¸å¦ä¸è§ã
ãã(é)It is to believe to see.
ããäºãä½å®¾è¯
ãã1) 以ä¸å¨è¯åï¼åªè½è·ä¸å®å¼ä½å®¾è¯
ããafford ï¼ä»å¾èµ·ï¼ï¼agreeï¼åæï¼ï¼aim(åæ±åå°), appearï¼æ¾å¾ï¼ï¼arrangeï¼å®æï¼ï¼askï¼è¦æ±ï¼ï¼attempt ï¼è¯å¾ï¼ï¼careï¼æ³è¦ï¼ï¼chooseï¼å³å®ï¼ï¼claimï¼å£°ç§°ï¼ï¼condescendï¼å±å°ï¼ï¼consentï¼å许ï¼ï¼decideï¼å³å®ï¼ï¼demandï¼è¦æ±ï¼ï¼determineï¼å³å¿ï¼ï¼endeavorï¼ç«åï¼ï¼expectï¼æå¾
ï¼ï¼failï¼æªå±¥è¡ï¼ï¼helpï¼å¸®å©ï¼ï¼hesitateï¼ç¹è±«ï¼ï¼hopeï¼å¸æï¼ï¼learnï¼å¦ä¼ï¼ï¼manageï¼è®¾æ³ï¼ï¼neglectï¼ç忽ï¼ï¼offerï¼ä¸»å¨æåºï¼ï¼planï¼è®¡åï¼ï¼prepareï¼åå¤ï¼ï¼pretendï¼åè£
ï¼ï¼proceedï¼æ¥çåï¼ï¼promiseï¼çåºï¼ï¼proveï¼è¯æï¼ï¼refuseï¼æç»ï¼ï¼resolveï¼è§£å³ï¼ï¼seemï¼è§å¾å¥½åï¼ï¼swearï¼åèªï¼ï¼tendï¼å¾å¾ä¼ï¼ï¼threatenï¼é¢ç¤ºï¼ï¼undertakeï¼æ¿è¯ºï¼ï¼volunteerï¼èªæ¿åï¼ï¼vowï¼åèªï¼ï¼wantï¼æ³è¦ï¼ï¼wishï¼å¸æï¼
ãã举ä¾ï¼ã
ããThe driver failed to see the other car in time.
ããå¸æºæ²¡è½åæ¶çè§å¦ä¸è¾è½¦ã
ããI happen to know the answer to your question.
ããæ碰巧ç¥éä½ é£éé®é¢ççæ¡ã
ãã2ï¼ å¨è¯+çé®è¯+ ä¸å®å¼
ããdecide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
ããPlease show us how to do that. 请æ¼ç¤ºç»æ们å¦ä½å»åã
ããThere are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.æè¿ä¹å¤çå½é³æºï¼æé½æ¿ä¸å®ä¸»æä¹°åªä¸ç§ã
ãã注æ:çé®è¯å¸¦ä¸å®å¼å¨å¥ä¸ä½æåæ¶ï¼è°è¯å¨è¯ç¨åæ°ã
ããThe question is how to put it into practice.
ããé®é¢æ¯ææ ·æå®ä»è¯¸å®æ½ã
ãã3)å½å¤å宾è¯ä¸ç宾è¯æ¯ä¸å®å¼æ¶ï¼å
ç¨å½¢å¼å®¾è¯it代æ¿ä¸å®å¼ï¼æä¸å®å¼ç½®äºè¡¥è¯ä¹åï¼å³ï¼ä¸»è¯ï¼å¨ è¯ï¼itï¼è¡¥è¯ï¼to doå¥å¼ãå¦ï¼
ããWe think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well.
ããHe feels it his duty to help the poor.
ããI find it difficult to learn English well.
ããä¸ãä½è¡¥è¯
ãã1) å¨è¯+宾è¯+ä¸å®å¼(to do)
ããadviseãallowãappointãbelieveãcauseãchallengeãcommandãcompelãconsiderãdeclareãdriveãenableãencourageãfindãforbidãforceãguessãhireãimagineãimpelãinduceãinformãinstructãinviteãjudgeãknowãlikeãorderãpermitãpersuadeãremindãreportãrequestãrequireãselectãsendãstateãsupposeãtellãthinkãtrainãtrustãunderstandãurgeãwarnã
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ããa.ãFather will not allow us to play on the street.ã
ããç¶äº²ä¸è®©æ们å¨è¡ä¸ç©èã
ããb.ãWe believe him to be guilty.
ããæ们ç¸ä¿¡ä»æ¯æ罪çã
ããFind çç¹æ®ç¨æ³ï¼
ããFind åå¯ç¨åè¯å宾补ï¼æå
å å½¢å¼å®¾è¯ï¼åå 形容è¯ï¼æåå 带to çå¨è¯ä¸å®å¼ãfindåä¹å¯å¸¦ä¸ä¸ªä»å¥ãæ¤ç±»å¨è¯è¿ægetï¼haveã
ããI found him lying on the ground.
ããI found it important to learn.
ããI found that to learn English is important.
ããå
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ããThe next morning she found the man ___ in bedï¼dead.ã
ããA. lyingãB. lieãC. layãD. layingã
ããçæ¡ï¼A.findç宾è¯åé¢ï¼ç¨åè¯æåè¯çè¯ï¼èµ·å®¾è¯è¡¥è¶³è¯ä½ç¨ãç°å¨åè¯è¡¨è¾¾ä¸»å¨ï¼ä¹è¡¨è¾¾æ£å¨è¿è¡ï¼è¿å»åè¯è¡¨è¾¾è¢«å¨ã
ãã2) to + be çä¸å®å¼ç»æï¼ä½è¡¥è¯çå¨è¯ã
ããAcknowledge,ãbelieve,ãconsider,ãthink,ãdeclare(声称),ãdiscover, fancy(设æ³),ãfeelãfind,ãguess,ãjudge,ãimagine,ãknow,ãprove,ãsee(ç解), show,ãsuppose,ãtake(以为),ãunderstand
ããWe consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
ããæ们认为汤å§æ¯çä¸æ好çå¦çä¹ä¸ã
ããå
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ããCharles Babbage is generally consideredã___ the first computer.ã
ããA. to inventãB. inventingãC. to have inventedãD. having inventedã
ããçæ¡ï¼A. ç±consider to dosth. æé¤BãDã. æ¤å¥åªè¯´æåæè¿ä¸ä¸ªäºå®ï¼ä¸å®å¼åç¨åå½¢å³å¯ãèC为ç°å¨å®ææ¶ï¼åæ为ç¹å¨è¯ä¸è¬ä¸ç¨å®ææ¶ï¼ä¸æ¤å¤ä¹ä¸å¼ºè°å¯¹ç°å¨çå½±åï¼å æ¤ä¸éCã
ãã3) to be +形容è¯
ããSeem,ãappear,ãbe said,ãbe supposed,ãbe believed,ãbe thought,ãbe known,ãbe reported,ãhope, wish,ãdesire,ãwant,ãplan,ãexpect,ãmeanâ¦
ããThe book is believed to be uninteresting.
ãã人们认为è¿æ¬ä¹¦æ²¡ä»ä¹ææã
ãã4)ãthere be+ä¸å®å¼
ããbelieve, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
ããWe didn't expect there to be so many people there.æ们没æå°ä¼æé£ä¹å¤äººå¨åªéã
ããæäºå¨è¯éç¨as çè¯åè¡¥è¯ï¼å¦regard, think believe, take, consider.
ããWe regard Tom as our best teacher.ãæ们认为汤å§æ¯æ们æ好çèå¸ã
ããMary took him as her father .ãç丽æä»å½ä½èªå·±çç¶äº²ã
ããåãä½è¡¨è¯
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ããâ To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
ããâ¡My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties ofthe matter.
ããâ¢What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.
ããå½ä¸»è¯å表è¯é½æ¯ä¸å®å¼æ¶ï¼å
¶å«ä¹ä¸æ¯æ¡ä»¶ï¼ä¸æ¯ç»æï¼ä¾â ï¼ãå½ä¸»è¯æ¯aim,duty,hope,idea,mista ke,plan,purpose,suggestionç为ä¸å¿è¯çåè¯è¯ç»ï¼ä¾â¡ï¼æ¶ï¼æ以whatå¼å¯¼çåè¯æ§åå¥ï¼ä¾â¢ï¼ï¼ä¸å® å¼è¯´æ主è¯çå
容ã
ããâ£Our work is serving the people.
ããâ¤What he likes is taking a walk after supper.
ããâ¥The story told by Mr.Wang is interesting.
ããâ£â¤å¥å¨åè¯ä½è¡¨è¯ï¼ä¸ä¸»è¯é¨åå¯ä»¥è½¬æ¢ï¼å¦Serving thepeople is our work,èâ¥å¥ä¸æ¯ç°å¨åè¯ä½ 表è¯ï¼è¯´æ主è¯çæ§è´¨ãç¶æï¼ç°å¨åè¯å
·æ形容è¯çåç§ç¹å¾ï¼å¦å¤ï¼å¨åè¯ä½è¡¨è¯è¿åºä¸è¿è¡æ¶æåºå«å¼ æ¥ã
ããäºãä½ç¶è¯
ãã1ï¼ç®çç¶è¯ã
ããTo⦠only to (ä»
ä»
为äº),ãin order to,ãso as to,ãso(such)⦠as to⦠(å¦æ¤â¦â¦ä»¥ä¾¿â¦â¦)
ããHe ran so fast as to catch the first bus.ãä»é£å¿«å°è·ä»¥ä¾¿èµ¶ä¸ç¬¬ä¸ç车ã
ããI come here only to say good-bye to you.ãææ¥ä»
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ãã2ï¼ä½ç»æç¶è¯ï¼è¡¨äºå
没æé¢æå°çï¼è¦æ¾å¨å¥ååé¢ã
ããWhat have I said to make you angry.
ããHe searched the room only to find nothing.
ãã3)ã表åå
ããI'm glad to see you.
ããå
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ããThe chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.ã
ããA. sitãB. sit onãC. be seatãD. be sat on
ããçæ¡ï¼B.ãå¦æä¸å®å¼ä¸ºä¸åç©å¨è¯ï¼å
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ããâ The next train to arrive is from Washington.
ããâ¡Do you have anything to be taken to your sister?
ããâ¢Do you have anything to say on the question?
ããâ£Would you please give me some paper to write on?
ããâ¤My wish to visit France has come true at last.
ããä¸å®å¼çè¯ä½å®è¯å被修饰è¯ä¹é´è¡¨ç¤ºä»¥ä¸å
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ãã(1)表示å°æ¥çå¨ä½ï¼ä¾â ï¼ã
ãã(2)ä¸è¢«ä¿®é¥°è¯ä¹é´æå¨å®¾å
³ç³»ï¼å¦æ¯ä¸åç©å¨è¯ï¼åéå ä»è¯ï¼ä¾â£ï¼ã
ãã(3)ä¸è¢«ä¿®é¥°è¯ä¹é´æå¨å®¾å
³ç³»ï¼åæ¶ä¸å¥ä¸å
¶å®è¯ä¹é´åæé»è¾ä¸ç主è°å
³ç³»æ¶ï¼å°½ç®¡æ被å¨å«ä¹ï¼å´ä» ç¨ä¸»å¨è¯æï¼ä¾â¢ï¼ï¼å¦åªæå¨å®¾å
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ãã(4)ä¸å®å¼ä½å®è¯æ¶ï¼ä¸è¬å¯è½¬æ¢ä¸ºå®è¯ä»å¥ï¼ä¾â to arrive=that will arriveã [ç¼è¾æ¬æ®µ][çto çå¨è¯ä¸å®å¼]ãã</B>1ï¼ æ
æå¨è¯ ( é¤ought å¤ï¼ought to)ï¼
ãã2ï¼ ä½¿å½¹å¨è¯ let, have, makeï¼
ãã3ï¼ æå®å¨è¯ see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find çåä½å®¾è¡¥ï¼çç¥toã
ãã注æï¼å¨è¢«å¨è¯æä¸åto ä¸è½çæã
ããI saw him dance.
ãã=He was seen to dance.
ããThe boss made them work the whole night.
ãã=They were made to work the whole night.
ãã4ï¼ è¡¨ç¤ºä¸ªäººææ¿æå¾åçwould ratherï¼had betterï¼might(just) as wellï¼rather thanç½®äºå¥é¦æ¶ã
ããRather than ride on a crowded bus,he always prefers to ride a bike.
ãã5ï¼ Why⦠/ why notâ¦ï¼
ãã6ï¼ help å¯å¸¦toï¼ä¹å¯ä¸å¸¦to, help sb (to) do sthï¼
ãã7ï¼ butåexceptï¼butåæ¯å¨è¯doæ¶ï¼åé¢åºç°çå¨è¯ç¨ä¸å¸¦toçå¨è¯ä¸å®å¼ã
ãã8ï¼ ç±and, oråthanè¿æ¥ç两个ä¸å®å¼ï¼ç¬¬äºä¸ªto å¯ä»¥çå»ï¼
ãã9ï¼ é常å¨discover, imagine, suppose, think, understandçè¯åï¼å¯ä»¥çå»to beï¼ã
ããHe is supposed (to be) nice.ãä»åºè¯¥æ¯ä¸ªå¥½äººã
ãã10ï¼butä½ä»è¯ï¼åæ¥ä¸å®å¼ç»ææ¶ï¼åé¢è°è¯å¨è¯é¨åè¥å«ædoçå½¢å¼æ¶ï¼butåçä¸å®å¼è¦çå»toï¼å¦åè¦å¸¦toãã
ããHe wants to do nothing but go out.
ããHe wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.
ãã11ï¼å½ä¸¤ä¸ªæå¤ä¸ªä¸å®æ¶çè¯ç±è¿è¯andï¼butæorè¿æ¥æ¶ï¼åä¸ä¸ªæå 个ä¸å®å¼ç¬¦å·to常çç¥ãä½è¥è¡¨ç¤ºå¯¹æ¯ã对ç
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ããHe wants to move to France and marry the girl.
ããThe purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,not to make it more difficult.
ãã12ï¼ä¸å®å¼å表è¯æ¶ï¼ä¸è¬è¦å¸¦toï¼ä½è¥ä¸»è¯é¨åä¸å«ædoçåç§å½¢å¼æ¶ï¼ç¬¦å·toå¯çå»ã
ããWe've missed the last bus.All we could do now is walk home.
ãã
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