第1个回答 2018-12-25
高斋翻译Joy分享：人的身体状况改善是自动的，所以是主动。
这里面也有improve的用法
2018年5月CATTI三级笔译英译汉参考译文只提供一段，因为做翻译的人都知道翻译不容易做出来，网上不少免费译文问题很大，因为合格的翻译不会有那么多时间和精力出那么多免费译文的。如果大家想看更多请看我们“高斋翻译学堂”上推送的文章，有打印资料和翻译书籍。
2018年5月CATTI三级笔译英译汉原文出处：也适合MTI翻硕翻译硕士备考
肥胖问题
第一篇：三级笔译英译汉 550字
原文：Improved human well-being is one of the modern era’s greatest triumphs. The age of plenty has also led to an unexpected global health crisis: two billion people are either overweight or obese. Developed countries have been especially susceptible to unhealthy weight gain. However, developing countries are now facing a similar crisis.
高斋翻译Joy老师的参考译文：人类福祉得到了改善，这是现代社会最伟大的胜利之一。但令人意想不到的是，物质丰盛的时代同样也带来了全球性的健康危机：有20亿人不是超重就是患有肥胖症。发达国家的人们尤其容易超重或肥胖。然而，发展中国家如今也面临着类似的危机。
高斋翻译Joy老师的讲解：
词汇：
triumph 美 [ˈtraɪəmf]
（1）N-VAR 非凡的成功;杰出的成就
A triumph is a great success or achievement, often one that has been gained with a lot of skill or effort.
例句：The championships proved to be a personal triumph for the coach, Dave Donovan...
事实证明，在这次锦标赛中教练戴夫·多诺万取得了非凡的个人成就。
（2）N-UNCOUNT (成功或获胜时的)极大的满足，狂喜，骄傲
Triumph is a feeling of great satisfaction and pride resulting from a success or victory.
例句：Her sense of triumph was short-lived.
她只感受了片刻成功的喜悦。
（3）VERB 成功;获胜;得胜
例句：All her life, Kelly had stuck with difficult tasks and challenges, and triumphed.
凯莉一生经历了各种艰巨的任务与挑战，她都一一成功应对了。
be susceptible to 易受影响的，易受感染的。
susceptible 美[səˈsɛptəbəl]易受影响的;易感动的,感情丰富的
高斋翻译Joy老师的翻译思维：
1. Improved human well-being：这个直接可以翻译为人类福祉的改善或者和参考译文那样翻译为小分句。我们知道在医疗白皮书即前段时间的CATTI汉译英真题讲解里面，我们把民生翻译为了well-being，所以这里我们也可以把 Improved human well-being翻译为民生的改善或民生得到改善。
2. The age of plenty：不少人翻译错了，这个是age是时代的意思，而不是年龄，plenty是物质丰盛的意思。
3. Unexpected：这个我们可以和后面的名词翻译在一起，比如物质丰盛的时代同样也带来了令人意想不到的全球性健康危机。也可以按参考译文那样抽离出来翻译，放在句首，这属于一种我很久以前讲过的抽离翻译思维。
4. either overweight or obese：不是超重就是患有肥胖症，obese的意思是肥胖，过度肥胖，肥胖症，所以either overweight or obese也可以翻译为不是超重就是过度肥胖。
5. Developed countries have been especially susceptible to unhealthy weight gain：直译就是发达国家尤其容易受不健康的体重增加，但是这样翻译肯定不是地道汉语，既然是不健康的体重增加，那就是前面所说的超重或者肥胖，所以我最后翻译为了：发达国家的人们尤其容易超重或肥胖
原文：Obesity rates have plateaued in high-income countries but are accelerating elsewhere. The combined findings of the World Health Organisation and the World Bank showed that in 2016 Asia was home to half the world’s overweight children. One quarter were in Africa.
原文：This crisis will test the political resolve of governments that have historically focused on ending hunger. These governments must understand that the factors making cities convenient and productive also make their residents prone to obesity.
Urban lifestyles
城市生活方式
原文：Urbanites enjoy a variety of food. Additionally, international fast food chains are flourishing in developing countries. The health risks of such diets are compounded by the sedentary lifestyles of urban dwellers.
原文：People’s leisure time is also being monopolised by passive diversions like television, movies, and video games in the growing number of households able to afford such technologies.
原文：The alarming implication of these trends is that developing countries may become sick before they get rich. That sickness may, in turn, cripple health systems. The yearly health care costs in Southeast Asia of obesity-related complications like diabetes and cardiovascular disease are already as high as US $10 billion. Such diseases are an added burden on countries already struggling to manage primary health care needs.
原文：Policies related to taxation, urban design, education and awareness and the promotion of localised food systems may help control obesity at a lower cost than eventual medical treatment for an ageing and increasingly overweight population.
Direct interventions
直接干预
原文：Some governments have already experimented with direct interventions to control obesity, such as taxation on unhealthy foods and drinks. Thailand, Brunei and Singapore have adopted soda tax. South Africa is likely to introduce a sugar tax in April 2018.
原文：The city of Berkeley in California recognises that taxes alone are not enough to address obesity. The city’s sugar tax aims to support child nutrition and community health programmes. This underscores the importance of education and awareness. There is also promise in initiatives. Urban design holds significant power to reshape lifestyle and public health. Improving the attractiveness of public space can draw residents out of their cars and living rooms.
原文：A recent study of urban neighbourhoods in Shanghai and Hangzhou found that residents living in less walkable neighbourhoods had significantly higher Body Mass Indices than those with walkable aisles. Finally, healthier lifestyles begin in grocery store aisles. Governments should encourage tighter connections between agricultural production systems, urban grocers and food vendors.
原文：Such initiatives can also help urban residents better understand the mechanics of food sourcing. This raises awareness about the relationship between natural foods and healthy lifestyles.
原文：Combining controls on unhealthy foods with policies that incentivise healthy eating and active lifestyles constitutes a promising response to rising obesity rates. Addressing public health is a policy mandate for developing countries from both an economic and social point of view. To quote the recent Global Nutrition Report, reducing obesity will boost global development.
2015年5月7日 06:18 英国《金融时报》 詹姆斯•威尔逊 报道
第二篇：三级笔译汉译英 336字
原文：煤炭是全球储量最大的资源，但反对使用煤炭的声浪逐渐增长。巨大的碳排放量导致气候变化，引起公众的担忧，煤炭需求出现下降。煤炭相对其他燃料的竞争力减弱。以美国为例，页岩气的出现造成部分煤炭产量由于价格过高而被挤出市场。去年的美国煤炭需求量近9.2亿短吨。由于天然气的价格下跌，今年的需求量将会下降6000万吨到8000万吨。
原文：数据显示，煤炭提供了全球约30%的一次能源和40%以上的电力。在人口第一和第二大国中国和印度，煤炭所满足的能源需求比例甚至达到70%左右。中国的煤炭消费量在2014年已经下滑，煤炭进口下降了11%，这是十年来的首次下降。中国经济增速已经放缓，同时也做出极大努力削减煤炭使用以减少污染。燃煤发电厂仅运行了五成多点的装机容量，再加上煤炭供应充足，导致国际煤炭价格被压低。煤炭出口价格较2011年顶峰下降了约60%。