A与氢气的相对密度为21,故A的相对分子质量42,由转化关系结合F的结构简式可知,A中含有3个C原子,故含有H原子数目为
=6,故A的分子式为C
3H
6,A能与溴水发生加成反应、能发生加聚反应,故含有1个C=C双键,故A的结构简式为CH
3CH=CH
2与,CH
3CH=CH
2与溴发生加成反应生成B为CH
3CHBrCH
2Br,在碱性条件下水解生成C为CH
3CH(OH)CH
2OH,进而被催化氧化为D,即
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/a5c27d1ed21b0ef432dd05efdec451da81cb3e4d?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,进一步被氧化生成E,E不能使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色,故E为
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/1ad5ad6eddc451daacc3915ab5fd5266d016324d?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,与氢气发生加成反应生成F,F通过酯化反应进行的水解反应生成G.CH
3CH=CH
2可发生加聚反应生成高聚物H,H为
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/34fae6cd7b899e5135bba7a541a7d933c8950d4d?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,
(1)由以上分析可知D为
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/1ad5ad6eddc451daacc3915ab5fd5266d016324d?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,故答案为:
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/1ad5ad6eddc451daacc3915ab5fd5266d016324d?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
;
(2)A→B是CH
3CH=CH
2与溴发生加成反应生成CH
3CHBrCH
2Br,反应的方程式为:
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/267f9e2f07082838710041a5bb99a9014c08f176?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,
A→H是CH
3CH=CH
2可发生加聚反应生成高聚物
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/34fae6cd7b899e5135bba7a541a7d933c8950d4d?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,反应的方程式为:
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/78310a55b319ebc4e64deb288126cffc1e17164d?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
,
故答案为:
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/267f9e2f07082838710041a5bb99a9014c08f176?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
;
![](https://video.ask-data.xyz/img.php?b=https://iknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com/78310a55b319ebc4e64deb288126cffc1e17164d?x-bce-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_lfit%2Cw_600%2Ch_800%2Climit_1%2Fquality%2Cq_85%2Fformat%2Cf_auto)
;
(3)2molF之间脱去1mol水生成一种具有芳香气味的物质I,I为酯,结构简式为CH
3CH(OH)COOCH(CH
3)COOH,反应方程式为:2CH
3CH(OH)COOH
CH
3CH(OH)COOCH(CH
3)COOH+H
2O,
故答案为:2CH
3CH(OH)COOH
CH
3CH(OH)COOCH(CH
3)COOH+H
2O;
(4)I结构简式为CH
3CH(OH)COOCH(CH
3)COOH,含有-OH可以发生取代反应、氧化反应、消去反应,含有酯基,可以发生水解反应,含有-COOH,可以发生取代反应、中和反应,故答案为:ABCDE;
(5)F的一种同分异构体中有五种不同化学环境的氢且能发生银镜反应,故分子中含有-CHO、2个-OH,故符合条件的同分异构体为CH
2(OH)CH(OH)CHO,故答案为:CH
2(OH)CH(OH)CHO.