混合机动机车 混合动力汽车就是在纯电动汽车上加装一套内燃机，其目的是减少汽车的污染，提高纯电动汽车的行驶里程。混合动力汽车有串联式和并联式两种结构形式。�复合动力汽车（亦称混合动力汽车）是指车上装有两个以上动力源，包括有电机驱动，符合汽车道路交通、安全法规的汽车，车载动力源有多种：蓄电池、燃料电池、太阳能电池、内燃机车的发电机组，当前复合动力汽车一般是指内燃机车发电机，再加上蓄电池的汽车。复合动力汽车的优点是：1、采用复合动力后可按平均需用的功率来确定内燃机的最大功率，此时处于油耗低、污染少的最优工况下工作。需要大功率内燃机功率不足时，由电池来补充；负荷少时，富余的功率可发电给电池充电，由于内燃机可持续工作，电池又可以不断得到充电，故其行程和普通汽车一样。2、因为有了电池，可以十分方便地回收制动时、下坡时、怠速时的能量。3、在繁华市区，可关停内燃机，由电池单独驱动，实现"零"排放。4、有了内燃机可以十分方便地解决耗能大的空调、取暖、除霜等纯电动汽车遇到的难题。5、可以利用现有的加油站加油，不必再投资。6、可让电池保持在良好的工作状态，不发生过充、过放，延长其使用寿命，降低成本。复合动力电动汽车有两种基本的工作方式，即串联式、并联式和串并联（或称混联）式。复合动力驱动汽车的缺点是：有两套动力，再加上两套动力的管理控制系统，结构复杂，技术较难，价格较高。由于"新一代汽车伙伴合作"（ P NGV）计划的推动美国三大汽车公司对各种单元技术及其不同组织进行成百种方案的筛选、比较，认为采用复合动力是实现中级轿车百公里3升油耗的可行方案因此而受到更大的关注。经过多年研究，混合动力电动汽车已开发出一些成功的例子。日本丰田汽车公司1997年12月宣布将复合动力电动轿车 P rius投入小批量商业化生产，该车自重1515kg，装用顶置凸轮轴四缸，1500cc排量汽油机，最大功率42．6kW／4600r／min，带永磁无刷发电机，驱动电机亦为永磁无刷的额定功率30kW，采用氢镍电池，实现串并联控制方式，百公里油耗为3．4L，比原汽油车减少了一半， C O2排量也相应减少了一半， C O、 HC、NOX仅为现行法规允许值的10％，售价每辆216万日元（约15000美元）。美国克莱斯勒汽车公司1998年2月在底特律展出第二代道奇无畏 E SX2型复合动力电动轿车，该车装用1500cc排量直喷柴油机带发电机，采用铅酸电池，交流感应电机驱动，铝车架，复合材料车身，自重1022kg，百公里油耗降至3．4L。2000年通用，福特，戴姆勒·克莱斯勒已开发出100公里油耗已达到3升汽油或接近3升汽车的样车，只是价格仍较贵。 Hybrid motor scooter Hybrid cars in pure electric cars is adding a set of internal combustion engine, its purpose is to reduce automobile pollution, raise pure electric car trip mileage. Hybrid cars have tandem and parallel structure macheine. � composite electric vehicle (also called hybrid cars equipped with) refers to two or more power source, including motor drive, accord with auto road traffic, safety regulations car, the car carries a variety of: battery power, fuel cell and solar battery, internal combustion engines generator sets, the current composite electric vehicle generally is to point to internal-combustion engine car generator, plus battery cars. Composite electric vehicle advantage is: 1, adopting complex power according to need after an average of internal-combustion engine power to determine the most high power, right now in oil consumption is low, the optimal less contamination under the conditions of work. Need high-power internal combustion engine power shortage, by the battery to supplement; Load for a little while and surplus power can power battery, due to internal combustion engine, battery and sustainable work constantly charging, so can the same trip and ordinary cars. 2, because there is a battery, can be very convenient recycling braking, hill, the energy when the idle. 3, in the noisy city, by the battery can be shutdown internal combustion engines, and achieve "zero driver alone" emissions. 4, with internal combustion engines can be very convenient solve energy consumption of the air conditioning, heating, pure electric vehicles such as defrosting met problem. 5, can use existing gas station refueling, don't have to invest. Six, can let the battery to keep in good working condition, not occur overcharge, put, prolong the service life and reduce the cost. Composite power electric cars have two basic way of working, namely tandem, parallel, and series-parallel (or says mix couplet) type. Composite driving car defect is: there are two sets of power, plus two sets of dynamic management control system, the structure is complex, technology is more difficult, the price is higher. Because of "a new generation of automobile partners" (P NGV) plan to push America's big three auto companies of unit technology and its different tissue for hundreds different schemes screening, comparison, it is considered that the composite power is to realize mid-size cars hundred kilometers 3 liters of fuel feasible scheme accordingly by the greater attention. After years of research, hybrid electric cars have developed some successful examples. Toyota motor corp. Announced December 1997 composite power electric car P rius into small batch commercialized production, the car with 1515kg, pack weight camshaft four cylinder, 1500cc displacement gasoline engine, the maximum power 4600r/min per kW/brushless generator, belt, is also driven motor power rating of brushless 30kW, use nickel-metal hydride batteries, realize series-parallel control mode, 100 kilometers fuel consumption to 3.4 L, original gasoline vehicles than reduced half, C O2 displacement also reduced half, C O, HC, NOX is only 10% of the value of the current law, price per car 216 million yen (about $15,000). American Chrysler February 1998 on display in Detroit SX2 second-generation dodge intrepid E of composite electric car, the car pack power 1500cc displacement direct injection diesel engine with with generators, adopt lead-acid batteries, ac induction motor drive, aluminum frame, composite material body, self-respect 1022kg, 100 kilometers fuel consumption fell to 3.4 L. In 2000, general, ford, Daimler Chrysler has already developed 100 kilometers fuel consumption has reached 3 litres of petrol or close to 3 liters cars, just the price prototype more expensive still. 谢谢采纳、
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