请问什么叫宾语从句,时间状语从句等,乱死了~

那些宾语从句,定语从句,时间状语从句都不明白,还有什么主句用什么时态,从句用什么时态,都乱了,麻烦请简单一点帮我整理一下。谢谢

时间状语从句就是when所引导的表示时间的从句,基本来说你现在凡是when引导的从句就是时间状语从句。宾语从句是在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.比如He told that he would go to the college the next year。基本上你现在所学的实意动词(除了may/could等情态动词外的动词)后面跟上that ,if,whether引导的从句都是宾语从句。
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第1个回答  2008-03-01
宾语从句三姊妹,that,if/whether,wh-/how展风采。

展风采有三关,引导词、语序、时态在把关。

主从时态要一致,陈述语序永不变。

陈述请你选that,疑问需用if/whether连。

特殊问句作宾从,原来问词不用换。

三关过后莫得意,人称、标点需注意。

留意变脸的if/when,从句的简化记心间。

[歌诀解码]

一、三姊妹

宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型:

1. 由that引导的宾语从句。如:

We knew (that)we should learn from each other.

2. 由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如:

Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.

3. 由who,where,how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如:

Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?

二、三关

1. 引导词关

如果从句是陈述句,引导词用that(that在口语或非正式文体中常省略);如果从句是一般疑问句,引导词用if/whether;如果从句是特殊疑问句,引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。

2. 语序关

①陈述句变为宾语从句,语序不变,即仍用陈述语序。如:

He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said(that)he was an honest boy.

②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句,语序变为陈述语序。如:

Does he work hard?I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works hard.

When did he leave?I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left.

3. 时态关

①如果主句是现在的时态,从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如:

I have heard(that)he will come back next week.

②如果主句是过去的某种时态,那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如:

He said(that)there were no classes yesterday.

注意:如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时,不管主句是什么时态,从句都要用一般现在时。如:

He said that light travels much faster than sound.

三、人称的变化和标点的使用

1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称,变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致;如果是第二人称,则与主句的宾语一致;如果是第三人称,不用变化。如:

“May I use your knife?”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.

“Do you know her telephone number?”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.

2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句,用句号;主句是疑问句,用问号。如:

Who will give us a talk?I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.

Do you know?Where does he live?→Do you know where he lives?

四、两副面孔

if和when既能引导时间状语从句,又能引导宾语从句。因此,遇到它们就要认真分析一下,它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如:

If it rains tomorrow,I won’t come.(时间状语从句)

I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. (宾语从句)

五、从句的简化

1. 当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如:

She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.

2. 当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主语与从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构。如:

She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.

3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构。如:

Can you tell me how I can get to the station?→Can you tell me how to get to the station?

时间状语从句表示一个动作或状态是在何时发生的,对应问题 “When?” 这种从句常由下列从属词来引导:after(在……之后)、as(在……的时候)、before(在……之前)、once(一旦)、since(自从)、till(直到……为止)、until(=till)、when(当……的时候)、whenever(每当,无论何时)、while(在……的时候/期间),或短语连词 as soon as(一……就……)、every time(=whenever)、immediately(=as soon as)、directly(=as soon as)、the moment(=as soon as),等等。

我们要特别注意,在时间(、条件或让步)状语从句中,动词永远不能用将来时。如果从句表示将来的意思,从句中要用与其相对应的一般形式来表示(——将来进行与将来完成时等用现在进行式或现在完成式等形式来表示)。比较:

When you perform the experiment tomorrow, you will find that all burning is oxidation.

*When you will perform....

It will be a long time before we meet again.

*It will be a long time before we will meet again.

当 since 引导表示时间的从句(或短语)时,主句中的动词一般要用完成形式。例如:

I haven’t seen him since we left.

*I didn’t see him since we left.

只有在“It is/was...since...”这种谈论时间的句子里,主句中才可用一般式:

It’s five years since he joined the army (= He has been in the army for five years.).

当 after 和 when 等涉及到过去发生的事件时间上的先后时,从句中动词可以用过去完成式,也可以用一般过去式。例如:

When/After he returned from work, his wife cooked dinner.

有 till 或 until 出现的句子,常有“从句中所表示的动作或状态的时间一到,主句中所表示的(肯定或否定)动作或状态就结束”之涵义。所以,肯定句(——延续的动作或状态)常可译作“(主句中的动作或状态)直到……时为止”;否定句(——非延续的动作或状态)在意义上是“不到……时(主句中的否定的动作或状态)不止”,实际上是“(主句中的动作或状态)到……时开始”,即“直到……时才……”的意思。例如:

He stayed up until his father returned from work last night.

He didn’t go to bed until his father returned from work last night.

他昨天晚上直到他父亲下班回家后才睡觉。

Wait till I come back (= Don’t go away till...).

等到我回来。

在以 Not until 开头的句子里,主句中的动词要倒装:

Not until I came here did I know her (=I did not know her until...).

Not until he had finished his work did he go home. (=He did not go home until...)

Before 有时也有“到……时才……”的意思,但只有时间上的先后的意义,没有否定主句的涵义。例如:

He looked at Xiao Wang for a moment before he understood.

It will be a long time before we meet again.

另外,before 还有“还没来得及……,就……”或“趁还没有……,就……”的意思。例如:

The boy fell asleep before I could take off his clothes.

I must put it down before I forget it.

在表示过去发生的两个连贯动作时,有一种特殊结构。这种句子由“hardly/scarcely, etc....when”、“no sooner...than”等构成,意为:“刚……,就……”。例如:

She had hardly entered the room when the phone rang.

He had scarcely sat down when he heard some one knock at the door.

I had no sooner left my house than it began to rain.

当 no sooner、hardly、scarcely 等位于句首时,主句中的动词需要倒装:

No sooner had I left my house than it began to rain.

Hardly had we reached the station when the train started.
第2个回答  2008-03-01
三楼解释的很好