Basketball Description:
According to written records, basketball 1891 by the American James Naismith invented. At that time, he taught at the YMCA International Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts. Locally produced peaches, where children really like to do with the game ball into peach baskets. This enables him to get inspired and draw upon the characteristics of the other ball games such as football, hockey, compose a basketball game.
The first basketball game is relatively simple, and no limit to the size of the venue and the number of people participating in the game. Game players divided into an equal number of teams, respectively standing on both ends of the stadium, after tossing to the center of the field, the referee, The two sides players immediately Chongjinchangnei the challenge for the ball, and strive ball dropped into the other side of the basket. Peach basket was the bottom later shot the ball on the left in the basket must boarded the the dedicated ladder to the ball removed from the basket.
With the continuous improvement of the venues and facilities, the basket cancel the end of the basket, and switch to hoops instead of the peach basket, made with wooden backboard instead of wire backstop, site creation midline, in the circle, and the free-throw line, the game changed by midfielder jump ball to start. At the same time, the court game players usually changed to 5 people per team, began to guard, guard, center, forward, left behind, such as the location of the sub. , Naismith developed a less than perfect competition rules, a total of 13 articles, which provides not allowed to run with the ball, holding, pushing, tripping people, beating. This greatly enhances the fun of the game of basketball, and attract more people to take part in this game, so basketball soon spread to the United States.
In 1892, the basketball first spread from the United States to Mexico, and soon in Mexico throughout been carried out. In this way, Mexico has become the country except for the United States, the first to carry out a basketball. Since then, the sport has spread to France, the United Kingdom, China, Brazil, Czechoslovakia, Australia, Lebanon, has been carried out, the popularity and development worldwide.
1896, Americans Baobogaili basketball was introduced to China, the first carried out in Tianjin, Beijing and other cities YMCA. In old China, the first National Games in 1910, the basketball for the first time as a demonstration event. In 1913, basketball was listed as China's domestic official event. Basketball since 1951, has been an official event in the Asian Games.
The International Amateur Basketball Federation was established in 1932, the men's basketball by the International Olympic Committee accepted as an official Olympic sport. In 1946, the U.S. professional basketball league, and the development of the current NBA.
Women's basketball is only the beginning of the 20th century unfolded. In 1976, women's basketball is listed as an official Olympic sport.
Basketball game standard venue is 26 meters long, 14 meters wide and four outside the boundaries of at least 2 meters may not have any obstructions, such as in the interior height of the ceiling should be at least 7 meters. The stadium points midline, frontcourt and backcourt, 1-meter line in the circle and penalty area after games free-throw line two semicircles of radius 80. Ring below the rectangle as restricted zones, commonly known as the restricted area. Before, the after venue arched arc outside the region said the three-point shot, shooting 3 arched arc.
The rules of the game of basketball more, and quite complex, a total of 93. Now people are not familiar with some of the rules as outlined below:
1.3-second rule: a team in control of the ball, with the team members to stay in the other restricted area shall not exceed 3 seconds. During the game or the ball after a throw-in in the world outside the case, as long as the same party players stay in the other restricted area for more than 3 seconds, the referee immediately blows the whistle and fined 3 second violation.
2.5-second rule: when a ball carrier is tight defense, passing, netball, bowls or dribble within 5 seconds, the sentencing offenses. Awarded 5-second violation in the past of scrimmage, and now by the other players throw near.
3.10-second rule: A team from the backcourt to control the ball, must be within 10 seconds the ball forward frontcourt Otherwise, sentenced to a 10-second violation, throw-in by the other side.
4.30-second rule: a team in control of the ball on the floor, must be within 30 seconds a shot off, otherwise sentenced a 30-second violation. In the past, such as within 30 seconds the ball was the other hit of bounds will be recalculated after 30 seconds, from sideline throw foul ball not be recalculated after 30 seconds, but must be shot off within 30 seconds remaining, Otherwise, still sentenced to a 30-second violation, sentenced throw-in by the other side.
Team seven times foul rules, and one plus one free throw rules: each half of the game, a team of players a personal foul and a technical foul count has reached a total of seven times, after which any player of the team and then a personal foul occurred or technical foul will perform one plus one free throw rules, the opposing player award violated free throws, free throw is successful, and then by the players additional free throw once; such as free throws in the first, the game should continue, and no longer give additional free throw opportunities. If the kicker penalty ball did not touch the ring, the penalty for the unauthorized throw from each other on the sideline. Basketball terminology Expounding:
(1) dunk: athletes, jump in the air from top to bottom the ball directly into the buckle ring with one hand or both hands holding the ball.
(2) up shot: Missed the the athletes jump up in the air the ball up into the basket.
(3) card bit: offensive use of footwork the defender blocked behind in their own, this footwork called card-bit.
(4) collar ball: Shun passing flight direction moving to take advantage of the ball.
(5) dislocation defense: the defender station in own defense offensive side of the trunk, to obstruct his ball called dislocation defensive.
(6) To bit: offensive body defense behind him, the to occupy favorable ball position.
(7) a breakthrough: dribble beyond defensive people.
(8) empty cut: offensive empty-handed to the basket the running.
(9) a biography: was a passing of the ball from defensive to offensive.
(10) caps: the offensive shooting hand, defender managed to knock down the action of the air ball.
(11) to fill the seats: When a defense, people are losing the right defensive position, another defensive complement of its correct defensive position in a timely manner.
(12) to assist in the defense: assist companion defensive.
(13) press defense: close to the offensive, and continue to use aggressive defensive action, threatening the safety of the other side the ball or let the other ball.
(14) Xiecha: slash sprint from the sideline to the basket or the middle of the stadium.
(15) Time difference: when shooting, in order to escape the cover defense, the use of air for changing the shot to shot time.
篮球运动简介:
据文字记载，篮球运动是1891年由美国人詹姆斯奈史密斯发明的。当时，他在马萨诸塞州斯普林菲尔德基督教青年会国际训练学校任教。由于当地盛产桃子，这里的儿童又非常喜欢做用球投入桃子筐的游戏。这使他从中得到启发，并博采足球、曲棍球等其它球类项目的特点，创编了篮球游戏。
最初篮球游戏比较简单，场地大小和参加游戏的人数没有限制。比赛队员分成人数相等的两队，分别站在球场的两端，在裁判员向球场中央抛球后，双方队员立即冲进场内抢球，并力争将球投进对方的篮筐。因为桃筐是有底的，球投中以后就留在篮子里，人必须登上专设的梯子才能将球从篮筐里取出。
随着场地设施的不断改进，篮筐取消了筐底，并改用铁圈代替桃篮，用木板制成篮板代替铁丝挡网，场地增设了中线、中圈和罚球线，比赛改由中场跳球开始。与此同时，场上比赛队员也通常改为每队5人，开始有后卫、守卫、中锋、前锋、留守等位置之分。此外，奈史密斯制订了一个不太完善的竞赛规则，共13个条款，其中规定不允许带球跑、抱人、推人、绊人、打人等。这大大提高了篮球游戏的趣味性，并且吸引了更多的人来参加这一游戏，从而使篮球运动很快普及到了全美国。
1892年，篮球运动首先从美国传入墨西哥，并很快在墨西哥各地得到开展。这样，墨西哥成为除美国外，第一个开展篮球运动的国家。此后，这项运动先后传入法国、英国、中国、巴西、捷克斯洛伐克、澳大利亚、黎巴嫩等国家，在世界范围内得到了开展、普及和发展。
1896年，美国人鲍勃盖利将篮球传入中国，首先在天津、北京等城市青年会中开展起来。在1910年旧中国首届全国运动会上，篮球首次被列为表演项目。1913年，篮球被列为我国国内正式比赛项目。篮球自1951年起一直是亚运会的正式比赛项目。
1932年国际业余篮球联合会成立，男子篮球被国际奥委会承认为奥运会正式比赛项目。1946年，美国出现职业篮球联赛，并发展为目前的NBA。
女子篮球运动到20世纪初才开展起来。1976年，女子篮球被列为奥运会正式比赛项目。
篮球比赛的标准场地长26米、宽14米，四条界线外至少2米处不得有任何障碍物，如在室内则天花板的高度应至少为7米。球场分中线、前场和后场，中线上的中圈和前、后场罚球区罚球线上的两个半圆半径均为1米80。篮圈下面的矩形为限制区，通常称禁区。前、后场内的拱形弧线外的地区称3分投篮区，在拱形弧线外投篮命中得3分。
篮球比赛中的规则较多，且相当复杂，共有93条。现将人们不太熟悉的某些规则简介如下：
1.3秒钟规则：某队控制球时，同队队员在对方禁区内停留不得超过3秒钟。在比赛过程中或控球后在界外掷界外球的情况下，只要同方队员在对方禁区内停留超过3秒钟，裁判员会立即鸣哨，判罚3秒违例。
2.5秒钟规则：当一个持球队员被严密防守，在5 秒钟内没有传球、投球、滚球或运球时，也将宣判违例。过去5秒违例判争球，现在则由对方队员就近掷界外球。
3.10秒钟规则：一个队从后场控制球开始，必须在10秒钟内将球推进到前场，否则判10秒钟违例，由对方掷界外球。
4.30秒钟规则：一个队在场上控制球后，必须在30秒钟内出手投篮，否则判30秒违例。过去如在30秒钟内球被对方击出界外后将重新计算30秒，现在则从边线掷界外球后不再重新计算30秒，而是在30秒钟中的剩余时间内必须出手投篮，否则仍被判为30秒违例，判由对方掷界外球。
5.全队7次犯规规则和一加一罚球规则：比赛每半时，一个队的队员侵人犯规和技术犯规次数累计已达7次，此后这个队的任何一个队员再发生侵人犯规或技术犯规，均将执行一加一罚球规则，判给被侵犯的对方队员罚球一次，如罚球成功，由这个队员再追加罚球一次；如第一次罚球不中，比赛应继续进行，不再给予追加罚球的机会。如罚球者罚出的球未触及篮圈，则判为违例，由对方在边线掷界外球。篮球主要名词术语简释：
（1）扣篮：运动员用单手或双手持球，跳起在空中自上而下直接将球扣进篮圈。
（2）补篮：投篮不中时，运动员跳起在空中将球补进篮内。
（3）卡位：进攻人运用脚步动作把防守者挡在自己身后，这种步法叫卡位。
（4）领接球：顺传球飞行方向移动，顺势接球。
（5）错位防守：防守人站位在自己所防守的进攻人身侧，阻挠他接球叫错位防守。
（6）要位：进攻人用身体把防守人挡在身后，占据有利的接球位置。
（7）突破：运球超越防守人。
（8）空切：进攻人空手向篮跑动。
（9）一传：获球者由守转攻的第1次传球。
（10）盖帽：进攻人投篮出手时，防守人设法在空中将球打掉的动作。
（11）补位：当1个防守人失掉正确防守位置时，另一防守人及时补占其正确防守位置。
（12）协防：协助同伴防守。
（13）紧逼防守：贴近进攻人，不断运用攻击性防守动作，威胁对方持球的安全或不让对方接球。
（14）斜插：从边线向球篮或者向球场中间斜线快跑。
（15）时间差：在投篮时，为躲避对方防守的封盖，利用空中停留改变投篮出手时间。
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