英语问题?

到底什么是状语??什么叫状语、?

我打他。
这句话是一个最简单的句子,我是主语,打是谓语动词,他是宾语。
我现在解释什么叫状语。
1。我<在天台>打他。
2。我<在早上9点><在天台>打他。
3。我<在早上9点><在天台><狠狠地>打他。
第一句话,是地点状语;第二句话,是地点状语和时间状语;第三句话是,地点状语、时间状语和程度状语。
说了这么多,重要的一句话就是,状语就是用来修饰动词的!!

(一)什么是状语
状语是谓语里的另一个附加成分,它附加在谓语中心语的前面,从情状,时间,处所,方式,条件,对象,肯定,否定,范围和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制.
状语与定语相同的地方是,都是前加附加成分;不同的地方是,它是谓语里的附加成分,而定语是主语或宾语里的附加成分.从句子的层次上看,状语是在第二个层次和第三个层次里的成分,有时甚至是更低层次的成分.

(二)状语的构成
经常充当状语的有形容词,副词,时间处所名词,能愿动词,指示代词,以及方位短语,介词短语,动宾短语,谓词性联合短语,谓词性偏正短语,谓词性主谓短语等.
含有动量词的数量短语以及重叠式的数量短语(不论动量,物量)也可以充当状语.
此外,少数名词带上表比况的助词也可以作状语.

(三)状语的书面标志——"地"
状语的书面标志是结构助词"地".状语后面带或者是不带"地",情况比较复杂.一般讲来,数量短语,主谓短语,动宾短语等作状语时,大都带"地";而介词短语,方位短语,能愿动词,时间处所名词作状语时不能带"地",副词,单音节形容词作状语一般也不带"地".

(四)多层状语
如果一个中心语前面有好几个状语(多层状语),那就应当注意它们的语序.多层状语的状语个数一般比多层定语的定语个数要少些,其语序也比多层定语的语序要灵活一些.
多层状语的一般语序:
1.表时间的名词或方位短语,介词短语;
2.副词.
3.表处所的介词短语或名词,方位短语;
4.表情态的形容词或谓词短语;
5.表对象的介词短语.
其中副词的位置较为灵活,也可放置在第三项之后.

(五)一般状语和句首状语
状语在句子中有两种位置:一种是在主语之后,谓语中心之前,如上文所举各例,这是状语的一般位置;另一种是放在主语的前面的,这是状语的特殊位置,这种状语可称"句首状语".

七,独立语
(一)什么是独立语
在有些句子里,有的词或短语不能跟任何一种句子成分发生结构上的关系,这种词语就是独立语.它们位置灵活,具有相对的独立性,是句子里的一种特殊成分.它们在句子中可以表示呼唤,次序,注释,语气等附加意义,具有重要的表达作用.

(二)独立语的类型
1,呼语:直接用来称呼说话的对方的独立语.
2,顺序语:用来表示先后次序的独立语.
3,感叹语和象声语:用于描摹人的感叹声或各种物体发出的声音的独立语,分别由叹词,拟声词充当.
4,插入语:用于句子中表示注释性部分或表示对上下文的承启归结等附加义的独立语.又分两个小类.(1)按注性插入语;(2)关联性插入语.
第五节 单句句型

一,单句基本句型
(一)句型是句子的语法结构类型
我们这里说的"句型",是从语法角度划分出来的,是以句子的结构形式为标准的.简单地说,就是句子的结构类型.
现代汉语单句句型表

主谓句
(一)基本句型
无宾动词谓语句
动词谓语句
带宾动词谓语句
形容词谓语句
名词谓语句
动词性非主谓句
形容词性非主谓句
非主谓句
名词性非主谓句
叹词句或拟声词句

(二)特殊句型
连动句
兼语句
双宾句
把字句
被字句
存现句
主谓谓语句

(三)变式句型
省略句
倒装句

(二)主谓句
主谓句是由主语,谓语两个部分构成的单句,又叫双部句.在句子结构的第一个层次上就主谓双全是它的特点.
根据谓语的构成,或者说,根据充当谓语的词或短语的词性或语法功能类别,可将主谓句分成动词谓语句,形容词谓语句,名词谓语句三种.
1,动词谓语句:谓语由动词或动词性短语充当的主谓句.
2,形容词谓语句:由形容词或形容词性短语充当谓语的主谓句.
3,名词谓语句:由名词或名词性短语充当谓语的句子
温馨提示:答案为网友推荐,仅供参考
第1个回答  2008-08-07
修饰动词的
第2个回答  2008-08-07
状语修饰句子,表示内容发生的程度,时间,地点,原因,结果等
第3个回答  2008-08-07
修饰动词、形容词等程度、状态等的词语,可以是句子或短语
如I run fast. fast是副词做状语
I stopped when I heard it. when I heard it是句子做状语
第4个回答  2008-08-07
句子的结构一般都是主语加谓语加宾语,而后面的一般都是状语了
第5个回答  2008-08-07
一般修饰名词的是定语,修饰动词的是状语.

19.1 地点状语从句

地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。

Where I live there are plenty of trees.

我住的地方树很多。

Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.

不管我在哪里我都会想到你。

19.2 方式状语从句

方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。

1) as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后,但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含义,意思是"正如…","就像",多用于正式文体,例如:

Always do to the others as you would be done by.

你希望人家怎样待你,你就要怎样待人。

As water is to fish, so air is to man.

我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水。

Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.

正如打扫房屋一样,我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。

2) as if, as though

两者的意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的","好像……似的",例如:

They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.

他们完全忽略了这些事实,就仿佛它不存在似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。)

He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.

他那样子就像被雷击了似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。)

It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.

看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大,谓语用陈述语气。)

说明:as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语,例如:

He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.

他目不转睛地看着我,就像第一次看见我似的。

He cleared his throat as if to say something.

他清了清嗓子,像要说什么似的。

The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.

波涛冲击着岩石,好像很愤怒。

19.3 原因状语从句

比较:because, since, as和for

1) because语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用as或 since。

I didn't go, because I was afraid.

Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.

2) 由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗 号,则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for。

He is absent today, becaus e / for he is ill.

He must be ill, for he is absent today.

19.4 目的状语从句

表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导,例如:

You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.

He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.

Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.

19.5 结果状语从句

结果状语从句常由so… that 或 such…that引导,掌握这两个句型,首先要了解so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。

比较:so和 such

其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so 是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用,形成固定搭配。

so foolish such a fool

so nice a flower such a nice flower

so many / few flowers such nice flowers

so much / little money. such rapid progress

so many people such a lot of people

( so many 已成固定搭配,a lot of 虽相当于 many,但 a lot of 为名词性的,只能用such搭配。)

so…that与such…that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。

The boy is so young that he can't go to school.

He is such a young boy that he can't go to school

19.6 条件状语从句

连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。.

if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。

unless = if not.

Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.

If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.

典型例题

You will be late ___ you leave immediately.

A. unless B. until C. if D. or

答案A。 句意:除非你立即走,否则你就回迟到的。可转化为 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late. B、D句意不对,or表转折,句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late.

19.7 让步状语从句

though, although

注意: 当有though, although时,后面的从句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可连用

Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.

虽然在下雨,但他们仍在地里干活。

He is very old, but he still works very hard.

虽然他很老,但仍然努力地工作。

Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.

伤口虽愈合,但伤疤留下了。 (谚语)

典型例题

1) ___she is young, she knows quite a lot.

A. When B. However C. Although D. Unless

答案:C。意为虽然她很年轻,却知道许多。

2) as, though 引导的倒装句

as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前(形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前)。

Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.

= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.

注意: a. 句首名词不能带任何冠词。

b. 句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

= Though he tries hard, he never seems…

虽然他尽了努力,但他的工作总做的不尽人意。

3) ever if, even though. 即使

We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.

4) whether…or- 不管……都

Whether you believe it or not, it is true.

5) "no matter +疑问词" 或"疑问词+后缀ever"

No matter what happened, he would not mind.

Whatever happened, he would not mind.

替换:no matter what = whatever

no matter who = whoever

no matter when = whenever

no matter where = wherever

no matter which = whichever

no matter how = however

注意:no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。

(错)No matter what you say is of no use now.

(对)Whatever you say is of no use now.

你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句)

(错)Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given,

(对)Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given. 囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。

19.8 比较while, when, as

1)as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。

Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.

2)当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用when 引导这个从句,不可用as 或 while。

When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.

3)从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as,不用when 或while。

As the day went on, the weather got worse.

日子一天天过去,天气越变越坏。

19.9 比较until和till

此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某时",动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是"直至某时才做某事"。动词为延续性或非延续性都可 以。 正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。

肯定句:

I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。

Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。

(在肯定句中可用before代替 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.)

否定句:

She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.

她直到6点才到。

Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.

公共汽车停稳后再下车。

I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后,我才会做。

1)Until可用于句首,而till通常不用于句首。

Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.

直到你告诉我以前,出了什么事我一点也不知道。

2)Until when 疑问句中,until要放在句首。

---Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么时候?

--- Until next Monday. 呆到下周一。

注意:否定句可用另外两种句式表示。

(1)Not until …在句首,主句用倒装。

Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.

直到19 世纪初,人类才知道热能是什么。

Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.

直到我开始工作,我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。

(2) It is not until… that…

19.10 表示"一…就…"的结构

hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than 和as soon as都可以表示"一…就…"的意思,例:

I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.

I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.

As soon as I got home, it began to rain.

注意:如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首,句子必须用倒装结构:

Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.

No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.