第1个回答 2017-05-13
回答和翻译如下 :
介词用法口诀 .
早、午、晚要用in,at黎明、午夜、点与分.
年、月、年月、季节、周,阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in.
将来时态in...以后,小处at大处in.
有形with无形by,语言、单位、材料in.
特征、方面与方式,心情成语惯用in.
介词at和to表方向,攻击、位置、恶、善分.
日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早、午、晚,
收音、农场、值日on,关于、基础、靠、著论.
着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付、相反,准.
特定时日和"一……就",on后常接动名词.
年、月、日加早、午、晚,of之前on代in.
步行、驴、马、玩笑on,cab,carriage则用in.
at山脚、门口、在当前,速、温、日落、价、核心.
工具、和、同随with,具有、独立、就、原因.
就……来说宾译主,对、有、方状、表细分.
海、陆、空、车、偶、被by,单数、人类know to man.
this、that、tomorrow,yesterday,next、last、one.
接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已习惯.
over、under正上下,above、below则不然,
若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关.'
beyond超出、无、不能,against靠着,对与反.
besides,except分内外,among之内along沿.
同类比较except,加for异类记心间.
原状because of,、 owing to、 due to表语形容词
under后接修、建中,of、from物、化分.
before、after表一点, ago、later表一段.
before能接完成时,ago过去极有限.
since以来during间,since时态多变换.
与之相比beside,除了last but one.
复不定for、找、价、原,对、给、段、去、为、作、赞.
快到、对、向towards,工、学、军、城、北、上、南.
but for否定用虚拟,复合介词待后言.
ing型由于鉴,除了除外与包合.
之后、关于、在.方面,有关介词须记全.
in内to外表位置,山、水、国界to在前.
如大体掌握如上介调用法口诀,就不易出错.当然,至于介词的详尽用法,同形词又是连词及副词等内容此章不讲.下面对该口诀分别举例帮助你理解消化.
早、午、晚要用in
例：in the morning 在早上
in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上
in the day 在白天
at黎明、午、夜、点与分
例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候
at noon 在中午
at night 在夜间
at midnight 在午夜
以上短语都不用冠词
at six o'clock 在6点钟
at 7：30 (seven thirty) 在7点半
at half past eleven 在11点半
at nine fifteen 在9点15分
at ten thirty a.m. 在上午10点30分
也可以写成
seven to five 5点差7分(半小时以上)
five minutes after two 2点过5分
at a quarter to two 1点45分
at the weekend 在周末
年、月、年月、季节、周
即在"来年",在"某月",在"某年某月" (但在某年某月某
日则用on),在四季,在第几周等都要用in.
例；in 1986 在1986年
in 1927 在1927年
in April 在四月
in March 在三月
in December 1986 1986年12月
in July l983 1983年7月
in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季
in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季
in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周
in the third week 在第三周
阳光、灯、影、衣、冒 in,
即在阳光下,在灯下,在树阴下,穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用in.
例：Don't read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书.
They are reviewing their lessons in the bright light. 他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课.
They are sitting in the shade of a tree. 他们坐在树阴下乘凉.
a prisoner in irons 带着镣铐的囚犯
He went in the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到车站去接我.
The poor dressed (clothed) in rags in old society. 旧社会穷人们衣衫褴褛．
以及：in the bright sunlight 在明亮的阳光下
a merchant in disguise 乔装的商人
the woman in white (black, red, yellow) 穿着白(黑、红、黄)色衣服的妇女
in uniform 穿着制服
in mourning 穿着丧服
in brown shoes 穿着棕色鞋
in his shirt sleeves 穿着衬衫
将来时态in...以后
例: They will come back in 10 days. 他们将10天以后回来.
I'll come round in a day or two. 我一两天就回来.
We'll be back in no time. 我们一会儿就回来.
Come and see me in two days' time. 两天后来看我.(从现在开始)
after... (从过去开始)
小处at大处in
例：Li and I arrived at Heishan county safe and sound, all is well. Don't worry. 李和我平安地到达黑山县,一切很好,勿念.
I live in a great city (big city), my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village. 我住在大城市,我姐姐住在一个小城镇,而我的父母则住在农村.
I'm in Liaoning, at Anshan. 我住在辽宁省鞍山市．
有形with无形by,语言 、单位、材料in
例：The workers are paving a road with stone. 工人们正用石子铺路.(有形)
The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen. 这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文.(有形)
"Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy" is a good opera. 是-出好戏.(无形)
The product is separated by distilation into gasoline and gas oil. 这种产品是用蒸馏分离出气油和粗柴油. (表示方式、手段、方法--无形)
I really can't express my idea in English freely in-deed． 我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想. (表示某种语言用in)
I wrote a novel in Russian. 我用俄语写了一本小说.(同上)
The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system． 公里是米制中最长的长度单位. (表示度、量、衡单位的用in )
The length is measured in meter, kilometre, and centimetre. 长度是以米、公里、厘米为单位来计算的.(同上)
This board was cast in bronze not in gold. 这个牌匾是铜铸的,不是金铸的.
特征、方面与方式、心情、成语惯用in
特征或状态：
例: The Democratic Party was then in power. 那时民主党执政.
They found the patient in a coma. 他们发现病人处于昏迷状态.
He has not been in good health for some years. 他几年来身体一直不好.
Many who came in despair went away in hope. 许多人带着绝望情绪而来,却满怀希望而去.
The house was in ruins. 这房屋成了废墟.
The poor girl was in tears. 这个贫苦女孩泪流满面.
Her clothes were in rags. 她的衣跟穿破了.
His shoes were in holes. 他的鞋穿出窟窿了.
I only said it in fun. 我说这话只是开玩笑的.
She spoke in grief rather than in anger. 与其说她讲得很气愤,不如说她讲得很伤心.
还有一些短语也用in,如：
in jest 诙谐地,in joke 开玩笑地,in spite 恶意地, in fairness 公正地,in revenge 报复, in mercy 宽大,in sorrow 伤心地等.
His mind was in great confusion. 他脑子里很乱.
Today everybody is in high spirits and no one is in low ebb. 今天大家都兴高采烈,没有一个情绪低落的.
She and her classmates are in flower ages. 她和她的同学都正值妙龄.
The compaign was in full swing. 运动正值高潮中.
方面：
例：we accepted the item in principle. 我们在原则上接受了这个条款.
They are never backward in giving their views. 他们从来不怕发表自己的意见.
The backward area has achieved self-sufficient in grain. 这个落后的地区在粮食方面已能自给.
A good teacher must be an example in study. 一个好的教师必须是学习的模范.
方式：
例：All the speeches were taken down in shorthand. 所有报告都用速记记录下来了.
The Party has always educated us in the spirit of patriotism and internationalism. 党一贯以爱国主义和国际主义精神教育我们.