第1个回答 2021-06-21
美国宪法概略的将政府分为三部分:立法部门、行政部门及司法部门。
立法部门通过法律:行政部门执行法律而司法部门诠释法律。立法部门由国会的参议院及众议院所组成。承蒙CNN及C/SPAN和夜间新闻之抬爱,这些议员们都因个人的论调、举止成了名人。行政部门由总统代表,他被称为最高行政长官、或是国家元首。
除此之外,身为三军司令,美国总统在世界局势所有的影响力也是不小的。司法部门是由最高法院及大约100个其它的联邦法院所组成。九位最高法院的法官是终身职。
美国政府资料:
美国政府的所有权来源于每一个美国国民,政府是国民的保姆,美国人可经由投票,向他们的代表陈情、甚至于组织和平的示威活动,来发表心声,参与政事。每一个美国公民都有一份保护自身利益的权利与义务,来决定他们的政府该如何执政,第32任总统罗斯福深刻地表达了美国人对政府的看法:政府就是我们。
为避免任何一个部门的权力大过其它两个部门,宪法设立了一套「制衡」制度。例如,当国会通过一个法案,它必须由总统签署后才能成为法律。但即使总统否决了这个法案,国会可以透过参、众两院三分之二的票数同意而不顾他的否决。
在许多国家,权力集中于中央政府。相对之下,在美国联邦制度下,国家政府与州政府分摊权力。联邦政府只拥有宪法中明确陈述的权力,其它所有的权力都保留在州政府。
本回答被网友采纳
第2个回答 推荐于2017-11-26
美国和咱们国家的权力组织结构不一样,所以不完全可比.
美国总统是国家元首兼政府首脑,咱们国家里总理是政府首脑,主席是国家元首,所以中国的总理和主席去华盛顿,美国总统都需要迎接.但是也不完全一样,美国总统有权撤换内阁成员,咱们的总理名义上也有这权力,但是事实上要经过人大的事先讨论.作为国家元首,美国总统还是三军最高统帅,这相当于中国的军委主席.
中国的中央政府叫国务院,美国呢叫联邦政府.美国还有内阁,包括总统,副总统和联邦政府各部门的负责人.这个有点相当于咱们的国务会议.
国务卿这个职务有点特殊,他的权力稍高于我们的外长,但是不到总理.他的特殊性从掌管部门的名称(国务院)就能看出来.首先他作为国务院的领导者掌管全部外交权力,同时作为内阁仅次于总统和副总统的第三号人物,还要帮助总统处理部分国内事务。国务卿还掌握美国的国玺,美国总统签署的任何议案都必须在加改国玺后才能生效,所以从理论上说国务卿对总统的议案还有相对的否决权,但是只是理论上的,因为没有哪位国务卿会反对总统的议案,总统也有权撤换国务卿.有时中国的总理去美国是由国务卿迎接,这不违背礼宾规则.
美国的国会是立法机构,分参众两院,两院都有实际权力.参议院和咱的政协不一样,因为政协不是国家机关,所以四楼的朋友犯了个错误.参众两院主要是侧重点不一样,参议院更侧重国外事务,众议院则相反.根据法律规定,不是所有议案都需要经参众两院投票同意的,有的只需众议院批准,有的只需参议院.但是如果需要两院一致同意,参议院对众议院提出的议案有否决权,而众议院无权推翻.中国的人大也是立法机关,但是权力更大,因为人大还是最高权力机关,由他派生中国的其他国家机关.所以中国的人大比美国的国会权力大.
美国的最高法院相当于中国最高人民法院,不同的是美国的联邦大法官由总统提名,经参议院批准任命,任命后不对总统或国会负责.咱们最高人民法院院长由全国人大任命,任命后对全国人大负责.
美国的司法部不是咱们的最高人民检察院!这是四楼朋友的又一个错误.因为司法部属于联邦政府部分,司法部长是内阁成员由总统任命对总统负责.而咱们的最高人民检察院院长由全国人大任命,对全国人大负责,不属于国务院管辖,而是在人大和上级检察院领导下独立行使权力.司法部基本相当于咱们的公安部.
在美国总统不一定是执政党的领袖,而是这个政党在内部初选后推举出的代表这个政党参加大选并且获胜的代表,这个四楼朋友又错了.美国党的全国委员会形式上相当于中共中央委员会,但是实质上没有那么大的权力,因为他们不采用民主集中制原则.而且这个委员会也不对国家事务拥有太大影响力,一般也就是在总统大选前需要推举候选人时才起些作用.全国委员会主席是他们党的领袖,但是权力比咱的总书记差远了,不管在党内还是全国都没什么太大的影响力,在党内也就是处理些日常的琐碎工作,一般是推举些德高望重的元老来担任.本回答被网友采纳
第4个回答 2013-11-09
The United States Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government. It is bicameral, comprising the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House of Representatives consists of 435 voting members, each of whom represents a congressional district and serves for a two-year term. In addition to the 435 voting members there are five non-voting members, consisting of four delegates and one resident commissioner. There is one delegate each from the District of Columbia, Guam, Virgin Islands, and American Samoa, and the resident commissioner is from Puerto Rico. [2] House seats are apportioned among the states by population; in contrast, each state has two Senators, regardless of population. There are a total of 100 senators (as there are currently 50 states), who serve six-year terms (one third of the Senate stands for election every two years). Each congressional chamber (House or Senate) has particular exclusive powers—the Senate must give "advice and consent" to many important Presidential appointments, and the House must introduce any bills for the purpose of raising revenue. However, the consent of both chambers is required to make any law. The powers of Congress are limited to those enumerated in the Constitution; all other powers are reserved to the states and the people. The Constitution also includes the "necessary-and-proper clause", which grants Congress the power to "make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers." Members of the House and Senate are elected by first-past-the-post voting in every state except Louisiana and Washington, which have runoffs.
The Constitution does not specifically call for the establishment of Congressional committees. As the nation grew, however, so did the need for investigating pending legislation more thoroughly. The 108th Congress (2003-2005) had 19 standing committees in the House and 17 in the Senate, plus four joint permanent committees with members from both houses overseeing the Library of Congress, printing, taxation, and the economy. In addition, each house can name special, or select, committees to study specific problems. Because of an increase in workload, the standing committees have also spawned some 150 subcommittees.
[edit] Powers of Congress
Main article: Article One of the United States Constitution
The Constitution grants numerous powers to Congress. These include the powers: to levy and collect taxes, provide for common defense and promote the pursuit of liberty; to coin money and regulate its value; provide for punishment for counterfeiting; establish post offices and roads, promote progress of science, create courts inferior to the Supreme Court, define and punish piracies and felonies, declare war, raise and support armies, provide and maintain a navy, make rules for the regulation of land and naval forces, provide for, arm, and discipline the militia, exercise exclusive legislation in the District of Columbia, and make laws necessary and proper to execute the powers of Congress