被动语态的最基本构成是:be + done (动词的过去分词形式)
被动语态和时态是分不开的。很多时态都有其被动语态形式。
总结如下:
1) 一般现在时
一般现在时主要由动词原形表示,但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s,其方法与名词单数变复数的方法相同。另外,be和have有特殊的人称形式,be在I后为am;在he,she,it后为is;在we,you,they后为are;have在第三人称单数后为has,在其他人称后仍为have。被动语态:be(am/is/are) + done (by)
主动语态:Everyone likes her.
被动语态:She is liked by everyone.
2) 现在进行时
现在进行时由“be(am/is/are) + 现在分词”构成,其否定式是在be后加not,疑问式是将be提前。
They are building a new school in our village.
She is cleaning the classroom.
被动语态:be(am/is/are) being done
A new school is being built in our village.
The classroom is being cleaned (by her).
3) 现在完成时
现在完成时由“have (has)+过去分词”构成。否定式在have (has) 后加not,疑问式将have (has) 提前。
They have built a new school in our village.
I have taught English for 20 years.
被动语态:have/has been + done
A new school has been built in our village.
4) 现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时由“have (has) +been + 现在分词”构成。
I have been teaching English for 20 years.
5) 一般过去时
由动词的过去式表示,其变化是在动词后加-ed,但英语中有大量动词的变化是不规则的,需特别记忆。
Tom broke the glass this morning.
被动语态:was/were + done
The glass was broken by Tom this morning.
c.f.: The glass was broken.(这只玻璃杯是破的。非被动语态)
6) 过去进行时
由“was (were) +现在分词”构成。第一人称单数和第三人称单数后用was,其他人称后用were。
He was watching TV when I came in. 我进来时他正在看电视。
被动语态:was/were + being + done
She said that the bicycle was being repaired by her father.
7) 过去完成时
过去完成时由“had + 过去分词”构成,主要表示过去某时或某一动作之前已经发生的动作,既表示“过去的过去”,常带有时间状语。
They had already left when we got to the station.
我们到达车站时他们已经离开了。
He said that he had bought a new car.
他说他买了一辆新车。
被动语态:had been done
She told me that the bicycle had been repaired by her
father. 她告诉我说自行车是她爸爸修的。
8) 过去完成进行时
过去完成进行时由“had been + 现在分词”构成,主要表示过去某时以前一直要进行的一个动作。
At last I got the letter I had been expecting.
最后我终于收到了我一直在期盼的那封信。
9) 一般将来时
主要由“will +动词原形”构成,第一人称后有时用shall。其否定式是在will后加not,缩写为won’t;疑问是将will提前。表示从现在看将要发生的动作或情况,通常带有表示将来的时间状语。其它表达方式有:be going to do; be to do; be about to do; be doing+将来时间;do+将来时间
He will come to see you tomorrow. 他明天将来看你。
They will build a new airport in Beijing.
被动语态:will be done
A new airport will be built in Beijing.
10) 将来进行时
将来进行时由“will (shall) be + 现在分词”构成,主要表示将来某时刻正在进行的动作。
What will you be doing at 10:00 a.m. tomorrow?
I will be having a class this time tomorrow.
11) 将来完成时
将来完成时由“will (shall) have + 过去分词”构成。
By the end of this year, he will have worked here for ten
years. 到今年年底,他将在此工作满十年。
被动语态:will have been done
The work will have been finished by the time he comes.
12) 将来完成进行时
将来完成进行时由“will (shall) have been + 现在分词”构成,表示将来某时前一直进行的动作。
She will have been studying here for three years
in a month’s time (by the end of next month).
再过一个月她在这里学习就满三年了。
13) 过去将来时
过去将来时由“would + 动词原形”构成,表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的事情。例如:
He said he would join the English club.
他说他将加入英语俱乐部。
被动语态:would be done
My father told me that our car would be repaired
by a friend.
14) 过去将来进行时
过去将来进行时由“would be + 现在分词”构成,表示从过去某时看将来某时将正在进行的动作或预计要发生的动作。
She asked me what I would be doing that evening.
她问我那天晚上将干什么。
15) 过去将来完成时
由“would have + 过去分词”构成,表示从过去某时看来将来某时将已经完成的动作。
He told me that he would have finished his homework
by six o’clock.
他告诉我到六点钟时他就可以把作业作完。
I thought she would have told you about it.
我以为她会已经告诉你这件事了。
被动语态:would have been done
My sister told me that a new house would have been built by the time I went back home.
16) 过去将来完成进行时
由“would have been + 现在分词”构成,表示从过去某时看来未来某时以前会一直在进行的动作。
He told me that he would have been teaching here
for ten years by July.
他告诉我到七月份他在这儿任教将满十年了。
以上是在小马过河看到的信息,没有列出被动语态的时态,如“完成进行时”,就是没有被动语态形式。
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