A
）、名词的数
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复
数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：
一）在后面加
s
。如：
fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples,
bananas
二）
x,
sh,
ch,
s,
tch
后加
es
。
如：
boxes,
glasses,
dresses,
watches,
wishes, faxes
三）
1
）以辅音字母加
y
结尾的变
y
为
i
再加
es
如：
baby-babies,
family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies,
documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2
）
以元音字母加
y
结尾的直接加
s
。
如：
day-days,
boy-boys,
toy-toys,
key-keys, ways
四）以
o
结尾加
s
（外来词）。如：
radios, photos,
但如是辅音加
o
的加
es
：如
: tomatoes
西红柿
, potatoes
马铃薯
五）
以
f
或
fe
结尾的变
f
为
v
再加
es(s)
。
如：
knife-knives,
wife-wives,
begin-beginning
四）以
ie
结尾的变
ie
为
y
再加
ing
。如：
tie-tying
系
die-dying
死
lie-lying
位于
4
、形容词的级
我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，
则要使用比较或最高级形式。
构成如下：
一）
一般在词后加
er
或
est(
如果是以
e
结尾则直接加
r
或
st)
。如：
greater-greatest, shorter
–
shortest, taller
–
tallest, longer
–
longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
二）以重读闭音节结尾且
1
个元音字母＋
1
个辅音字母
(
字母组合除外，
如
few-fewer fewest)
结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加
er /est
。如：
big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
三）
以辅音字母＋
y
结尾的变
y
为
i
加
er/est
。如：
happy-happier
happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier
friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest,
easy-easier easiest
四）特殊情况：
(
两好多坏，一少老远
)
good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill
–
worse
worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far-
farther/further farthest/furthest
5
、数词
(
基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；
其它后接
th
；
y
结尾，
变为
i,
eth
跟上去。
)
first,
second,
third;
fifth,
eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;
twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、
初一英语语法
——
句式
1.
陈述句
肯定陈述句
a) This is a book. (be
动词
)
b) He looks very young. (
连系动词
)
c) I want a sweat like this. (
实义动词
)
d) I can bring some things to school. (
情态动词
)
e) There
’
s a computer on my desk. (There be
结构
)
否定陈述句
a)
These
aren
’
t
their
books.
b)
They
don
’
t
look
nice.
c) Kate doesn
’
t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can
’
t find
her doll.
e) There isn
’
t a cat here. (=There
’
s no cat here.)
2.
祈使句
肯定祈使句
a)
Please
go
and
ask
the
man.
b)
Let
’
s
learn
English!
c) Come in, please.
否定祈使句
a) Don
’
t be late. b) Don
’
t hurry.
3.
疑问句
1)
一般疑问句
a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she
like salad?
d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?
肯定回答
:
a)
Yes,
he
is.
b)
Yes,
you
can.
c)
Yes,
she
does.
d)
Yes,
they do. e) Yes, she is.
否定回答
: a) No, he isn
’
t. b) No, you can
’
t. c) No, she doesn
’
t. d) No, they don
’
t. e) No, she isn
’
t.
2)
选择疑问句
Is the table big or small?
回答
It
’
s big./ It
’
s
small.
3)
特殊疑问句
①
问年龄
How old is Lucy? She is twelve.
②
问种类
What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies
and comedies.
③
问身体状况
How is your uncle? He is well/fine.
④
问方式
How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.
How do we contact you? My e-mail address is
[email protected].
⑤
问原因
Why do you want to join the club?
⑥
问时间
What
’
s the time? (=What time is it?) It
’
s a quarter
to ten a.m..
What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o
’
clock.
When do you want to go? Let
’
s go at 7:00.
⑦
问地方
Where
’
s my backpack? It
’
s under the table.
⑧
问颜色
What color are they? They are light blue.
What
’
s your favourite color? It
’
s black.
⑨
问人物
Who
’
s that? It
’
s my sister.
Who is the boy in blue? My brother.
Who isn
’
t at school? Peter and Emma.
Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
⑩
问东西
What
’
s this/that (in English)? It
’
s a pencil case.
What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli,
strawberries and hamburgers.
11
问姓名
What
’
s
your
aunt
’
s
name?
Her
name
is
Helen./She
’
s
Helen.
What
’
s your first name? My first name
’
s Ben.
What
’
s your family name? My family name
’
s Smith.
12
问哪一个
Which do you like? I like one in the box.
13
问字母
What letter is it? It
’
s big D/small f.
14
问价格
How much are these pants? They
’
re 15 dollars.
15
问电话号码
What
’
s your phone number? It
’
s 576-8349.
16
问谓语
(
动作
) What
’
s he doing? He
’
s watching TV.
17
问职业
(
身份
) What do you do? I
’
m a teacher.
What
’
s your father? He
’
s a doctor.
三、
初一英语语法
——
时态
1
、
一般现在时
表示普遍、
经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，
它有：
Be
动词：
She
’
s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn
’
t a worker.
情态动词：
I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can
’
t play the piano.
行为动词：
They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any
tomatoes? They don
’
t want to eat any tomatoes.
Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn
’
t have a watch.
2
、现在进行时
表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构
为
sb be v-ing sth +
其它
.
I
’
m
playing
baseball.
Are
you
playing
baseball?
I
’
m
not
playing
baseball.
Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn
’
t writing a letter.
They
’
re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop
music? They aren
’
t listening to the pop music.
选为满意回答