句子结构分析:the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past

这句话究竟是同位语从句还是定语从句啊??这句话究竟怎么理解,which 是什么意思呀???
能分析一下句子结构成分吗??

附上文:

America‘s capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen bellow most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment — the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.

1、below which inflation has taken off in the past 是 the rate 定语从句。其中,关系代词 which 指代先行词 the rate。

 

  “the rate + 定语从句”合起来是对the natural rate of unemployment 进行进一步说明的同位语,也就是 the rate = the natural rate of unemployment。

 

  如果把从句剥离出来可以改写为简单句:Inflation has taken off (below the natural rate of unemployment) in the past. 在过去,通货膨胀降低到在自然失业率以下。

 

  基于此,此处的 …the natural rate of unemployment — the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past 意思是“…自然失业率——也就是通货膨胀降低到这种自然率之下”。

 

2、另外请注意,定语从句 below which inflation has taken off 与上文中提到 its jobless rate has fallen (bellow most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment) 是平行结构。具体情况如下:

 

    inflation(通货膨胀)与its jobless rate(失业率)——主语平行

    has taken off (降低/减弱)与has fallen(下降)——谓语动词平行:

    belowwhich(在此自然率之下)与bellow most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment(在事业自然率的评估之下)——状语平行

 

3、同位语从句只能用 that 引导,如果把此处改为同位语从句应该是——

 

  … of thenatural rate of unemployment that inflation has taken off in the past below the natural rate of unemployment.

 

  同位语从句也可以改用下面括号中的修辞手段:

 

    … of the natural rate of unemployment, (that is to say) inflation has taken off in the past below the natural rate of unemployment.

    … of the natural rate of unemployment, (namely) inflation has taken off in the past below the natural rate of unemployment.

    … of the natural rate of unemployment, (i.e.) inflation has taken off in the past below the natural rate of unemployment.

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第1个回答  2013-08-01
同位语从句的引导词必须是that,这用which 也有点不对,也不是定语从句,which 只做了below的宾语,但在从句里边没有做任何成分,你看一下这个句子是不是有问题追问

不是呀。。原文就是这样啊,是which

追答

当比率低于自然失业率时,通货膨胀率早已迅速上升。which是指的the natural rate of unemployment.
改变句型为 when the rate below the natural rate of unemployment ,inflation has taken off in the past.
是定语从句

追问

我有点明白了
再问一个语意的问题,
当比率低于自然失业率时,通货膨胀率早已迅速上升。
这句话中的“比率”是指什么??jobless rate?
那 jobless rate 和 the natural rate of unemployment 有什么区别
前一个是实际的,后一个是预测的,是这样吗??

追答

例如,美国的生产力利用率年初达到了历史最高水平,而它的失业率(8 月为5.6%)已经低于了多数正常失业率所允许的数字——在过去,当这种情况出现时,通货膨胀就要发生了。
这样明白了吗?

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