英语中非谓语动词的完成被动式和过去分词有何区别没

如题所述

回答:非谓语动词(不定式、现在分词、动名词)的完成被动式 表示完成的动作,即非谓语动词的动作在句子谓语动作之前发生。不过,动名词的完成式有时可以被一般式代替;而过去分词只有一种形式,其本身表示被动意义,只表示自身动作已完成,不与句子谓语动词动作的时间相比。如:
Having been told / Told many times, she didn't listen. 告诉她多次,她就是不听。

I am sorry not to have been admitted to Beijing University that year. 我很遗憾那一年没考上北京大学。
Please forgive me for having been involved / for being involved in that robbery. 请宽恕我参与了那次抢劫。(两个动作的时间差异明显,故可以用动名词的一般式代替完成式。)
Injured in the accident, he gave up taking the exam. 因为他事故中受了伤,他放弃了参加考试。
The bridge built in 1980 cost a lot of money. 1980年建成的那座桥花了不少钱。
另外,现在分词的完成式只能作状语。如:
(误)The guest house having been built by the company will be put to use soon. 该公司修建的那座宾馆将很快投入使用。
(正)The guest house built by the company will be put to use soon. 该公司修建的那座宾馆将很快投入使用。
不及物动词的过去分词,如rise,retire, fall,arrive等,则表示主动关系、完成的动作。如:
the risen sun = the sun which has risen; the retired man = the man who has retired.
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第1个回答  2016-11-21
现在分词一般式和完成式皆有被动式。如:
The house being built is a big project. 正在施工的那幢楼是一项很大的工程。(现在分词一般式被动式,用作定语)
This having been said. Let us return to our subject. 道完了此事,让我们言归正传吧。(现在分词完成式,用于独立结构)
Being surrounded, the enemy troops were forced to surrender. 敌军被包围了,结果被迫投降。(现在分词一般式被动式,用作原因状语)
Did you see the boy being questioned by the police? 你看见那男孩受到警察审问了吗?(现在分词一般式被动式,用作宾语补语)
有时现在分词完成式的被动式和过去分词完全同义,皆表示已完成的动作,这时用过去分词较好。如:
Written in haste, the composition is full of mistakes. 这篇文章仓猝写就,因而错误百出。(written较having been written好)
但使用过去分词有歧义时,则应用现在分词完成式的被动式表已完成的动作。如:
She rebuked herself for forgetting what she really knew quite well, having been told it often. 她常被告以此事,所以她责备自己忘记了她实已熟知的事。(如用told it often,除可能具有having been told it often的含义外,也可能具有“经常被告诉”的意思)
第2个回答  2016-11-23
个人看法:
完成被动式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。
过去分词没有表示完成,只表示被动。
例如:Having been given such a good chance, I felt very happy.先得到机会,才感到高兴。可以理解为:在我得到这样的好机会之后,。。。。。。
Given such a good chance, I will be very happ.如果得到这样好的机会,。。。。。。
当然都表示被动,但时间先后或者同时是不一样的。
第3个回答  2016-12-07
1 非谓语动词的完成被动式: to have been done
2 非谓语动词的过去分词: to be done
各举个例子:
1 The good student is said to have been admitted into Tsinghua University.
2 The college entrance examination is to be held tomorrow.
简单理解一下:
例1中的非谓语动词的完成被动式: to have been done 强调已经事情已经完成。
例2中 非谓语动词的过去分词: to be done,多用于将来时,表示尚未发生。
其实本质上和完成被动式与过去分词表示的意思一样,只是多了一个To.