形容词比较级和最高级的不规则变化有哪些

如题所述

变化规则
大多数形容词和副词有比较级和高级的变化,即原级、比较级和高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级和高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
(1)单音节词加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级和高级。
tall(高的)
taller
tallest
great(巨大的) greater  greatest
(2)以不发音的e结尾的单音节词只加-r,-st 
nice(好的)
nicer
nicest
large(大的)      larger  largest
able(有能力的)   abler
ablest
(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est
big(大的)
bigger  biggest
hot热的)
hotter  hottest
red红色的       redder    reddest
(4)"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er,-est
easy(容易的)
easier  easiest
busy(忙的)
busier  busiest
(5)以ly结尾的副词,除early-earlier-earliest,其他都是加more most.
Slowly-more slowly-most slowly
Bravely-more bravely-most bravely
quickly-more quickly-most quickly
(6)少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er,-est
clever(聪明的) cleverer  cleverest
narrow(窄的) narrower  narrowest
(7)其他双音节词和多音节词在前面加more,most来构成比较级和高级。如:
important(重要的) more important   most important
easily(容易地) more easily   most easily
(8)一些词的比较级和高级,可以加-er或 -est,也可以加more或most,如:clever, polite等。
(9) 不规则变化 
有一些词的比较级、高级变化是不规则的,需要特殊记忆。如:
good / well→better→best
bad / ill/badly→worse→worst
many / much→more→most
little→less→least
far→farther→farthest(表示距离) / far→further→furthest (表示程度)
old→older / elder→oldest (表示新旧或年龄) / eldest (表示兄弟姐妹之间的长幼关系)
副词的比较级和高级的构成规则和形容词比较级和高级的构成规则一样,所不同的是:形容词高级前面必须用the,而副词的高级前面的the可带可不带。
一些词本身没有比较级和高级形式,如:right, wrong, full, empty, round, complete, wooden, dead, daily等。
long-longer-longest
young-younger-youngest
old-older/elder-oldest/eldest
short-shorter-shortest
high-higher-highest
deep-deeper-deepest
small-smaller-smallest
big-bigger-biggest
tall-taller-tallest
loud-louder-loudest
low-lower-lowest
thin-thiner-thinest
fat-fatter-fattest
great-greater-greatest
nice-nicer-nicest
happy-happier-happiest
heavy-heavier-heaviest
cheap-cheaper-cheapest
near-nearer-nearest
clean-dleaner-cleanest
few-fewer-fewest
late-later-latest
angry-angrier-angriest
busy-busier-busiest
lazy-lazier-laziest
hot-hotter-hottest
glad-gladder-gladdest
clear-clearer-clearest
strong-stronger-strongest
lucky-luckier-luckiest
interesting-moreinteresting-most interesting
difficult-more difficult-most difficult
expensive-more expensive-most expensive
形容词比较级的用法
1. 两者比较时用形容词比较级,其结构为“... 比较级 + than ...”。如:Actions speak louder than words.
2. 在两者之间选择“哪一个更……”时,用句型“Which / Who is +比较级, ... or ...?”。如:Which sweater is cheaper, the red one or the yellow one?
3. 表示“两者之间……的一个”时,用“the + 比较级”。如:Lucy is the taller of the twins.
4. 表示“越……,越……”时,用“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”。如:The more you eat, the fatter you will become.
5. 表示“越来越……”时,用“比较级 + and + 比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词用“more and more + 形容词原级”。如:We should make our country more and more beautiful.
6. 形容词比较级前可以用下列词修饰:much, a little, far, a bit, a few, a lot, even, still, rather等。如:It's much colder today than yesterday.
形容词高级的用法
1. 三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用形容词高级形式。形容词高级前通常需加定冠词the,句末常接in / of短语来表示范围。如:He is the strongest of all the boys.
2. 表示“……之一”时,用“one of + the + 高级”。如:The light bulb is one of the most helpful inventions.
3. 形容词高级前可以由物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰,此时不用定冠词the。如:Yesterday is her happiest day in her life
修饰语
1. 比较级的修饰语
Much(……得多),far(……得多),even(甚至,更),still(更),a bit(有点),a little(有点),a lot(很), a great deal(大大地), twice(两倍), five times(五倍), two-fifths(五分之二), a half(一半)等修饰比较级表示程度,但决不可用very修饰。
eg. Tom is a little taller than Mike. Tom比Mike稍高一点;
It is even colder today than yesterday. 今天甚至比昨天更冷
2.高级的修饰语
By far/ far and away ,很 much ……得多 almost 几乎 nearly 几乎
另外,second, third, next 等也要放在定冠词之后。如:
The Yellow River is the second longest in China.
黄河是中国的第二大河。
This is the third largest building in this city.
这是这个城市里第三大的建筑物。
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
黄河是中国第二长河。
This is (by) far the best book that I've ever read.
这是我读过的好的书。
词汇积累是英语学习的基础,词汇量的多少直接影响到学生的英语写作及口语水平,提高英语单词的记忆效率是进行高效英语学习的基石。
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第1个回答  2019-01-21
变化规则

  大多数形容词和副词有比较级和高级的变化,即原级、比较级和高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级和高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

  (1)单音节词加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级和高级。

  tall(高的)

  taller

  tallest

  great(巨大的) greater  greatest

  (2)以不发音的e结尾的单音节词只加-r,-st 

  nice(好的)

  nicer

  nicest

  large(大的)      larger  largest

  able(有能力的)   abler

  ablest

  (3)以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est

  big(大的)

  bigger  biggest

  hot热的)

  hotter  hottest

  red红色的       redder    reddest

  (4)"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er,-est

  easy(容易的)

  easier  easiest

  busy(忙的)

  busier  busiest

  (5)以ly结尾的副词,除early-earlier-earliest,其他都是加more most.

  Slowly-more slowly-most slowly

  Bravely-more bravely-most bravely

  quickly-more quickly-most quickly

  (6)少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er,-est

  clever(聪明的) cleverer  cleverest

  narrow(窄的) narrower  narrowest

  (7)其他双音节词和多音节词在前面加more,most来构成比较级和高级。如:

  important(重要的) more important   most important

  easily(容易地) more easily   most easily

  (8)一些词的比较级和高级,可以加-er或 -est,也可以加more或most,如:clever, polite等。

  (9) 不规则变化 

  有一些词的比较级、高级变化是不规则的,需要特殊记忆。如:

  good / well→better→best

  bad / ill/badly→worse→worst

  many / much→more→most

  little→less→least

  far→farther→farthest(表示距离) / far→further→furthest (表示程度)

  old→older / elder→oldest (表示新旧或年龄) / eldest (表示兄弟姐妹之间的长幼关系)

  副词的比较级和高级的构成规则和形容词比较级和高级的构成规则一样,所不同的是:形容词高级前面必须用the,而副词的高级前面的the可带可不带。

  一些词本身没有比较级和高级形式,如:right, wrong, full, empty, round, complete, wooden, dead, daily等。

  long-longer-longest

  young-younger-youngest

  old-older/elder-oldest/eldest

  short-shorter-shortest

  high-higher-highest

  deep-deeper-deepest

  small-smaller-smallest

  big-bigger-biggest

  tall-taller-tallest

  loud-louder-loudest

  low-lower-lowest

  thin-thiner-thinest

  fat-fatter-fattest

  great-greater-greatest

  nice-nicer-nicest

  happy-happier-happiest

  heavy-heavier-heaviest

  cheap-cheaper-cheapest

  near-nearer-nearest

  clean-dleaner-cleanest

  few-fewer-fewest

  late-later-latest

  angry-angrier-angriest

  busy-busier-busiest

  lazy-lazier-laziest

  hot-hotter-hottest

  glad-gladder-gladdest

  clear-clearer-clearest

  strong-stronger-strongest

  lucky-luckier-luckiest

  interesting-moreinteresting-most interesting

  difficult-more difficult-most difficult

  expensive-more expensive-most expensive

  形容词比较级的用法

  1. 两者比较时用形容词比较级,其结构为“... 比较级 + than ...”。如:Actions speak louder than words.

  2. 在两者之间选择“哪一个更……”时,用句型“Which / Who is +比较级, ... or ...?”。如:Which sweater is cheaper, the red one or the yellow one?

  3. 表示“两者之间……的一个”时,用“the + 比较级”。如:Lucy is the taller of the twins.

  4. 表示“越……,越……”时,用“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”。如:The more you eat, the fatter you will become.

  5. 表示“越来越……”时,用“比较级 + and + 比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词用“more and more + 形容词原级”。如:We should make our country more and more beautiful.

  6. 形容词比较级前可以用下列词修饰:much, a little, far, a bit, a few, a lot, even, still, rather等。如:It's much colder today than yesterday.

  形容词高级的用法

  1. 三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用形容词高级形式。形容词高级前通常需加定冠词the,句末常接in / of短语来表示范围。如:He is the strongest of all the boys.

  2. 表示“……之一”时,用“one of + the + 高级”。如:The light bulb is one of the most helpful inventions.

  3. 形容词高级前可以由物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰,此时不用定冠词the。如:Yesterday is her happiest day in her life

  修饰语

  1. 比较级的修饰语

  Much(……得多),far(……得多),even(甚至,更),still(更),a bit(有点),a little(有点),a lot(很), a great deal(大大地), twice(两倍), five times(五倍), two-fifths(五分之二), a half(一半)等修饰比较级表示程度,但决不可用very修饰。

  eg. Tom is a little taller than Mike. Tom比Mike稍高一点;

  It is even colder today than yesterday. 今天甚至比昨天更冷

  2.高级的修饰语

  By far/ far and away ,很 much ……得多 almost 几乎 nearly 几乎

  另外,second, third, next 等也要放在定冠词之后。如:

  The Yellow River is the second longest in China.

  黄河是中国的第二大河。

  This is the third largest building in this city.

  这是这个城市里第三大的建筑物。

  The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.

  黄河是中国第二长河。

  This is (by) far the best book that I've ever read.

  这是我读过的好的书。

  词汇积累是英语学习的基础,词汇量的多少直接影响到学生的英语写作及口语水平,提高英语单词的记忆效率是进行高效英语学习的基石。
第2个回答  2018-03-30

形容词的比较级和最高级有几个形容词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化. 

原级                                 比较级                     最高级  

good/well 好的                better                       best  

bad/ill 坏的                      worse                       worst  

many/much 多的              more                       most  

little 少的                         less                         least  

far 远的                           further                     furthest    

old 老的                          older                            oldest 

形容词比较级的特殊用法: 和more有关的词组  

(1) the more…the more… 越……就越……

例如:The harder you work,the greater progress you'll make. 越努力,进步越大。  (2) more B than A=less A than B    与其说A不如说B。

例如:He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work. 他工作时,与其说是反应慢不如说是懒。

(3) no more… than… 与……一样……,不比……多 

例如:The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。  

no less… than… 与……一样……

例如:He is no less diligent than you. 他和你一样勤勉。

本回答被网友采纳
第3个回答  2021-03-09
形容词的比较级和最高级有几个形容词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化. 
原级                                 比较级                     最高级  
good/well 好的                better                       best  
bad/ill 坏的                      worse                       worst  
many/much 多的              more                       most  
little 少的                         less                         least  
far 远的                           further                     furthest    
old 老的                          older                            oldest 
形容词比较级的特殊用法: 和more有关的词组  
(1) the more…the more… 越……就越……
例如:The harder you work,the greater progress you'll make. 越努力,进步越大。  (2) more B than A=less A than B    与其说A不如说B。
例如:He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work. 他工作时,与其说是反应慢不如说是懒。
(3) no more… than… 与……一样……,不比……多
例如:The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。  
no less… than… 与……一样……
例如:He is no less diligent than you. 他和你一样勤勉。本回答被网友采纳
第4个回答  2011-07-26
原级 比较级 最高级
good(adj.) better best
well(adj. and adv.) better best
bad(adj.) worse worst
ill(adj.) worse worst
badly(adv.) worse worst
many(adj. and adv.) more most
much(adj. and adv.) more most
far(adj. and adv.) farther ,further farthest,furthest
little(adj. and adv.) less least
old(adj.) older,elder oldest,eldest
late(adj.) later,latter latest,last